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2013-12-12 Work Session (2) Kodiak Island Borough Assembly Work Session Tuesday, December 3, 2013, 7:30 p.m., Borough Conference Room Work Sessions are informal meetings of the Assembly where Assembly members review the upcoming regular meeting agenda packet and seek or receive information from staff. Although additional items not listed on the work session agenda are discussed when introduced by the Mayor, Assembly, or staff, no formal action is taken at work sessions and items that require formal Assembly action are placed on regular Assembly meeting agenda.Citizen's comments at work sessions are NOT considered part of the official record.Citizen's comments intended for the"official record'should be made at a regular Assembly meeting. CITIZENS' COMMENTS (Limited to Three Minutes per Speaker) ITEMS FOR DISCUSSION 1. Strategic Plan a. School District Section b. General Administration and Finance 2. Invitation to Dr. Bob Deal, Research Forester and Ecosystem Services Team Leader, USDA Forest Service 3. Board of Fish January Reception Consensus 4. City/Borough Joint Work Session Regarding Fisheries Analyst Recommendation From Kodiak Fisheries Work Group PACKET REVIEW PUBLIC HEARING — None. UNFINISHED BUSINESS— None. NEW BUSINESS CONTRACTS — None. RESOLUTIONS Resolution No. 1997-20B Amending Resolution No. 1997-20 Regarding Compensation of the Service Area No. 1 Board Chairperson. ORDINANCES FOR INTRODUCTION Ordinance No. FY2014-10 Amending Various Sections in Title 3 Revenue and Finance Chapter 3.35 Real Property Tax and Chapter 3.40 Personal Property Tax. Ordinance No. FY2014-01 B Amending Ordinance No. FY2014-01 by Amending Budgets to Account for Various Revenues That Are Over Budget, Provide for Additional Expenditures, and Move Funds Between Projects. OTHER ITEMS — None. BOARD OF ADJUSTMENTS An Appeal of the Planning and Zoning Commission's Decision on Case No. 14-005 Affirming the Administrative Decision Ordering the Cessation of the Use of a Recreation Vehicle (RV) as a Dwelling Unit and Outdoor Storage of an RV Not Incidental and Subordinate to the Hotel Use on the Airport Lease, Lot 1 & 2, Block 1400, United States Survey 2539 (Appellant: Kishan Group, Inc. Agents: Kelly and Angela Huffaker, Case No. 14-005). MANAGER'S COMMENTS MAYOR'S COMMENTS CLERK'S COMMENTS ASSEMBLY MEMBERS COMMENTS - 0 t4 0 444 C Kodiak Island Borough School District 722 Mill Bay Road Kodiak, Alaska 99615 Strategic Planning 1. Kodiak Workforce Regional Advisory Council- re-visit the structure and rules that govern this Borough/District partnership so that this group can become active again. This is the Kodiak Island Borough's representation of the Alaska Workforce Investment Board and plays an important role in shaping workforce decisions for k-12 education, post-secondary education, and the Department of Labor. 2. Establish predictable timelines for revenue projection for budget development to meet required timelines and allow for community engagement. 3. Capitol Improvement Project list development between KIB and KIBSD should be complete by the end of January of each year to allow for more timely budget planning and project implementation. 4. Establish clear School Construction language about fixtures, furniture and equipment (FF&E) purchases to meet KIB and KIBSD requirements. ... B�"?rou'g'h Sc' rw..?4:�h34t,5ca+, ak ,t,,...�_.n � 7J�k . E '�t � '�}y tag MO nt 0!t i.s.x-. * ya r t f "eta. 'L=a ,,. l 1t F t y"` rtr r v -t rf pre, ® lY %� ' . Y j t _ �fi', 1. . t ' yi. ,t, +r, . ,ski' k} it „ , 'f� ^��(;try{'}y` it Feak .� ` € 14 •,jx; 4 stf �` rr t {S +r �.+�+ l , TT, t ,. } r ti �i . ,- )l{{,fit %Li 1 / 3 gg1 � �r f' 4,1;c01013., � '^ t, yati 4 „t ".r 4 ai A '.. Olt FI \ ": � ' k $-d 4..4_ 5 :r f. � :4. tE �. ir.. ,.\ .4x; .,„cXC 4' 'to .l 'q . .:�stj`.."e a _sf Fr - ' Q . s � f.-r ty7 r ,"" c">i -"id's ,c F, '• owe_"....dddi5555._1 --!!qq ' riital ta Thar: ,firs � ',,,a.A : ' - i ` a +-- •,( '...y r'fti'•4 • , 0- 1 1 11 ii 1#, # tiljto L y a .rte rte'+.. ty 4.' " = _• "°"" d 4. i® ll at frStr B®rough School ®isri�c Strateg Plan r 2014--2c 1t k Ut Vision Mission Beliefs VISION — Kodiak Island Borough School District is a safe, disciplined, and productive environment where students and adults are meaningfully engaged in learning. Our culturally diverse population is viewed as a strength with a spirit of equity, cooperation, and respect that permeates our school communities. Our curriculum design and instructional practices enhance our ability to connect academic learning to apply learning in the workplace. All our schools are equipped with necessary technology, human resources, and materials for academic success. MISSION — Kodiak Island Borough School District, in close cooperation with our diverse island communities, exists to provide an educational program of the highest standard that empowers all students to achieve personal and academic excellence while developing their full potential as responsible, productive citizens. BELIEFS — The first and foremost consideration of the educational process is the student. The educational environment must be caring, healthy, safe, non-disruptive, and non-biased. The school is an integral part of the community and the community is an integral part of the school. All students are capable of learning and must have the opportunity to learn. Families are children's primary teachers and must be actively involved in education. The educational process must value and reflect human diversity and the multicultural communities it services. Our communities must be active in educational funding and spending. Excellence in schools must be developed through high standards and high expectations. Students must meet district standards to graduate. Students need opportunities to experience success and to build self-esteem. Success of students is measured in a variety of ways. tt i Ii r k r-" is "$I r t Q.ec 7 Vii"''' if •I) f S3 '1 'rat .,,,it., ..0—: ',. ` i"p' — . a ,• E .s,';';-„: 5"i }4 it. 1�l 8 s -.- `'- 5�7 r sy` �Q ' .., ,. I; t 4 � I } f � : tg - 1 C4'4 raetc : c V osinagges • Planning a -, z f eter.Q E d�JS , it 4"�; I� V Committee,;k e'�{ 8�45 rtI _. l.Ft t •€ The Kodiak Island Borough School District's Strategic Plan identifies the Mission and Vision of the community and it becomes an integral part of the annual budget process for the 2014-2015 school year or otherwise known as FY15. This year's committee, facilitated by Assistant Superintendent Marilyn Davidson, met once a week for three consecutive weeks. The first week's objective was to share and review information to create an overall picture of KIBSD— strengths and challenges; the second week was spent using the information gathered to identify global needs and target areas for the 2014-2015 school year; and finally the third week identifying themes and drafting strategies to refine ideas into an action plan for KIBSD. Based on the information gathered from various community organizations and their representatives, the District is hopeful that this will assist us in obtaining a clear direction of what is important in education from our island community as we begin to prepare and plan for our 2014-2015 school year. KIBSD would like to thank the following individuals who represented many of the groups, organizations and constituencies of the island: Nancy Castro, Alisha Drabek, Kitty Deal, Brian Himelbloom, Kim Slade, Abigail Rudger, Rebecca Skinner, Mary Guilas-Hawver, Melissa Magnuson, Carol Austerman, Brandi Noe, Debra Kirk, Phyllis Clough, Judy Clayton, and Sara Mooers.This important process would not be successful without the many voices from our community. We ask that you continue to share your thoughts and ideas with us regarding the future of education for all Kodiak Island students. � ETC Proposed targets are correlated . T2 I\ "to the advancEd Standardsifor , ;Quality School Systemslr their corresponding ndicators. - t Communication ® Student Support 0 Place Based Education ® Rural Schools Standards Based Grading (SBG) I,l_+Communication Standards;}11 ! { Conduct enhanced and'ongomgttwo;way eo nunricabon(regardmg[operahons,�goals and(mitiatives'atair1 1 1 lie-'41 oflKIBSD;andxfaculty with residents ofiall?Kodiak sland communities!bylidentifymg;;purswng,,and( leveraging'tools„niethods, a`ndfvenuesl for;communicationA,ifnh'iresultsimeasured through"fsurveyslandi i 4 ommunityipercept1onifeedback. I Tools;,resourc'e3' 1 j ■ iAudences — ' Community perceptpo. ( I • W,Uen ues, i •' Collaboration!(mternal/external): i 1 ' Cnyersatibnaltand,proactive approach . Internaliguidance on issues (urnfied,voice from,KIBSD) 1 1 Measures I tKIBSDwilll"review`the'Strategle Communicatio`nj Plan,andiatnewjplaii'willlbelapproved bythe BOP I nolateuthaniSeptember,r20Y4: I IKIBSDAwill morototituse of,online,corrimunication tools;wittira;goaliof•25%1iricrreasedifeadership/ 1 tparticipation KIBSD w llthold'atlleastyl01townlhallimeetin s(between?November 2913 andiNovember2014 I 4 xKIBSD w If provide'aUleast�1 Ofimeeting,,oppbrtunities)fortfaculty'a distaaff to meek withAdismct:as I 1 wel,,asstliuildmgileadz, ership,team membesgetwvee-olKOvembrerr013;and Novemberer 201,4 ! • KIBSDiwillJprovide,face;to fa=ce;virt uaI,and written communic atiornanditrarninglforAteacchers ,regardingldistnct initiatives_in order to,enhanceiteachers'ca_paatytito;commumcate with",parents; t l and students - i tandard'1"alndicato4,i 1Y2,,Af_3; 'Standard 2 Indicators`2 4 r2;1Standard' =)Inda t f3?8; i.Standard r4r;Standards _ilndicatoE!5i5` __ i , • 1 — 1 1 ilt,ZgacerBaSedliidilitatierril ,--__.-,.........r.,...e-,-,. Standards** 3 * . 4 f,..-) t 4 teleetilakerdefia iloW? - ' iImmerses studentsin locatheiitage,-sultikes landscapes,Opportunitlessand expenetitel7 , .. ve , ro srs,th-e-ste,as,plo—un-daticiirfor,the study7flo 4 dffrua-grartsintaihemThtlesrsociarstilu Irs,-ts-eitneer-and; lithlbjects acrefitherebrriculumhandi I.; LEmphasizesfearningibroughpartinpationyn'serviterprojects foritheilocalschool and/or4communsty.. fatephle-graterlitieglas-datethicatiiiii)Tvirkikelillifkoppoliiiiiiiie-sta-iiitassessmenIsitli-alq_ id-46'1141j I -- ,......-Fff;741-.-- .....41.DIrnr."...rra rt.t.tt.' .. . --;.-ri %support,criticalithifklonglsiolls-and°c6fni-nunity-basedflearninglemphIsameuiturallfgpia,and1 1 •cconnectIons: , . ; . , " • , tMeasiii . ' i'nclul-de'ispecifit'cOarriplesiOftrcommunity-ib--asridlle---arni--rng,oppoitu--nitiestatiggrade, „2.7.f...‘,..-- ----..,--.- cr--,.r....-- --r.0._ef4 ..°,...-.---- r.anti ---,--..-,---- ...P"-%e.,-on Ilevel?as appropria eatocuroculum revievilafiel development •tiv -ic° ,73 _ x ift.. - 'et-.7.14, -."^-... -. =;;;:ra-a ; ,--....A.....A- -4"ita . .. r -.3“-"Qa-r.-...........„. z-. KIBSftwilltialtlejauthentigaslas-thent opportunitieslantdralternattvestawhichtwillincluderplace,...- --nc..--a° - -Jar-2..., .... 3.;214.4 g. ,..-77.2t tr''PL-,73r11...,. .g.,C=^::--"- ..?"--` thased and culturalpideistandmOrmudentsfairejleveisjofeacadermodevelopmentb •, Slifid .1illi'-i--=$idiCaliiii;111:711-,IrViilifidltd-ii)=ilidIellifaCtillitiiiirairdipilitaiiitsiairli-443 tirgitki 2:1 , . .., r• • 1, TSTiridlidISL-fridecgOliglii _ ,-- , ,,-----,-, rikillir-efietatiers'itylibdiiefrnOsiiiiiiikcialIffeatatdOillitn-etateatliffietilitifillpeSpOniive, 1 methods:, , ,T,..Me-a.""stri-iP ' • ° . '1KIBSD Inn ---Amc 77u eat l e a svo`.‘n,...O..2.1un1.t ervIe.3,wq ues t io.:n j e for rA a""'lj■`ae'-'rti-ca.te--- staffitegar !igt their °,,'"expel-ienceilanditinderstandingsrofiplacetlie-dtandiailfutallifreipohshielteIchingandjleaining: 1 , ; I I .StiridardaSIndicatiiia.6-Standardr4- Indicator.4.1' ... 1 tetqa3airiiie"-o-rifiolttitriiiielifaiVoiligolicetiliiiirierilafetWortial(kiiefOr-ii-ntnIfiorffa'eulifgfairiiii: , .., .„.......... _ 1 ci.rtIturallyArespons!ye teachmEcultura isonnechoAtopic.s:, I Atrirseasureil ii, Ir. ,t,_ . ,(1,,,______..t.: till cuslonit eanc usiono tcu tura wresponsive,teac mg,rnet o s an opportunmes_ask ..-Itner„,,4192,,,e-J,...°- :rdtv..r-fat- c•;3..-.m , -:47:..t,a--:-:,:=,.::7.. -c::-:-..v, e : -.."--crri= ipartZofttherprofession .alkleyelopmentiopporturAtiesiregardinspomamk;,,p9 2;341;tas_wyelbas; liffr'il.Q4viii-17)11'j"-‘17/1"--, . ' pornary2tan L omai ,, ,o , e earnmga ap., - -cl-115 i-iits---/-- fc--if lini.--e-----(itil•8 --till 11AStk titan ar -t-r, n icator 216. tan ar .3?- In icator, c, tan ar . rz-1 n icatori i I - t 4 '' '' . .17'fr":‘b. •' ( ' A a.4.4 tilir 1 4, + + ic14.41, -7' iltc:r 1li r. 4 4'.* A.-*'. '4'•{444117)" ... , C __Li_ . 4. - ___ tt 0. 1: 1 li:1:1..4 44:1 :4:17: -I: ;11:1 T:, , : .....,:a." . . 4- ,, gin -, . , i' rts”.$4ir- ' '4.'4}- -: 1441/ --.,,,t,,,, , cre,4 g ', '-4:ei t)41-1"44 , II- . . '''1.`.:--Tyl • ! f.:NY t.ifattS ir OP ., s.,1 is?), 1, ;1 4.?f 114 741-1gprtizt=s1;14%%'1411;:Na ,,.1 'iiirr% ' 7L--- • t j ihd ;tr. .. .. „. ,-. , - - _ , HI; Standards:Based.Grading (SBG) .Standards 3, 5- The,designland'puspose cifialStand,ards Basechgrading-syStemineeds to beimade Clear and understandatite'by:implementineasThriany Channels:of COMMuniCationlo.educate targeted groups (teachers; s(udents.and•parents) and,to,develop:iceastand strategies to dintinuejinprbyemert threugh open meetings, workshops, seminars and-Q&AiseSsions. The results of the implemented grading system require collecting data,t0,evaluate,post-graduate Outcomes. Measures: IMMEDIATE RESPONSE 11E011/RED • KIBSD will hold at least townihall meetings between Novei-nber 2013 and•Nrivernber201-4. •• • ;KIBSD willrprevide,at•leaSt 10 meeting,oppoiturities fortfaculty:apd staff totrieetiwith district as ' well aS•biildingtleaderShip team inernberSibetweeritNoveMber,2013..andyNovember 201 4. • KtBSD wilt focus cornmynicatn efforts on this ned beginningin October, 2013ithrid,continuing •cifrocighotit•2014.with:baSiCiinforination:Opportahities. _ • • KIBSD wilIcollect and publish data indicating the success of the SBGsystem. • iKIBSD Will iidentify*idjitpleitTeitt;ffiethodS`of data collection retarding graduates and their,post- secoridary•thaege affcicareei.ehoiCes•an-dindicatdis of success: Standard 1 Indicators 1.2, 1 A; Standard 2.—Indicator 2:5;iStalidarci-3-=_Indicatsars13.2;,3.3;t3A, 35, ' . . , 3.6, 3:1 it-34.1; Statidaid Standaid'S--indicattiritS.1, 52, 5:3;5.45.5 veneeme-- Cs • • - IV. StUdeht Support Standards A. Support •. 1.) Invest in strategies andiresbufteslotrnardveperfoirhahce'and,ade3ju'atelyirne,Ot the,rfeei/S.of students; .requiring additional suppOrtli.e. O,ified and Talented, Special needs,;ELAP,etc. 2 )Additicindl training and sUpportfor:SubStitutes andiides•providing serVices.fer special;needs'studentS. Measitres: KIBSD will[rnonitor44progtess of identified siudentsiin.speCial•programs,inprder to adjust allocation Of iisoureesattordiiigly, (when cOnsidered,inicoritext;Of overall need) 4; - KIBSD will:proVtdelacleast threeitramiri&OppbetonitieS•ift#:subsrbtute tea-chers WilliprovidearittrUctionallyifecuseditrairrifigiThr,:alliitittfuCtional paraprofessionals on all designatediinservice days throughoot,tlie Schocir,year,- Staiidard1.&Indidatoril:1', .a, 1.4;•Staiida-idi1i-lhdieatoiss 2:4,416: _ 3.4/3:6;, Standaid 4— kidicatorsA:1; ' i stfrickfitslifilip.110.1iiinuid . . . i : 'B.4WellifeSS , . . .. . *•)WICOrplefateistaddirds;,stricterthanASAA•to,decrease subStandiebseand,ibiiffying.. ; ., 20,1cinduc(thadbei,andicoa&Styciebilsubstarice abuse traiii)ifg-and'actciuntability. 3.fk.c:OntindeStigianCeuSeprOVentiOn`currictilurn throughout Middle.sehoidli . i i I Meastires: . „ ',.` .KIBSD/will'proVideitaining opii_oriunitieslor all'staff regarding.yertodir)g.pkeeteclufes fOr'suSbected ; , slibStanceabOSO.anditiategieStd.addresS bLillying concerns and reports on an annual basig. , ,, ;KIBSESWithliSeall tominunitationimethcids'afid venues to reduce bullying througlibUtthe,Kodiak . ,cciffiThutiiiiegi.-;MeS`sagetWill;bederilOyed at least once petirnontik, . t, .KIBSDvill.reViev>.-abd ensure:lea-ening obboriuriities tO:de-velob:healtifyfifeStyleli.as ati:alternative .. - , : . te'subsianeeallOse. , !" SubstarideabuSepieventiOn'instruction.vvill be proviciedifor all Muddle s000l.aged students i .! ihrough•the,adviStryberied.with direct instruction in this topic occurring at leastthreetinjeS9ver . • ,.... .._ . . ._ ifieCOurseOf,the Sth691,year. 1 , W:R Oral StIbtitils- Siiiiddeds'.2• 4, , . . . . _ 1 ' Inyest'in:Strategies:ancfresouttesYtO,irnprove performance and:gradiatiOn,(ates:cif sludentiliii:fural i ' Schools. I Ens,prefural,sChoOl_Sfudents;FlaVe.ebi-nparvable aCcesS te:feseurtg, ClaSseSi3Oroir_ainst etc. i t IntreaSeirurallStudent,attendariee and[good.behaVior:throughieffeetivedonSeduenteS:and'IriCentive . . Strategig. I i i 1 Pro"VideongOirig,,trainipwand supbdre,ineffectiVemethods andstrategieS;in*bildlOgrUse.Sheduling, v., .- ; ; and,taliaCity. • , PieVide:distancedeliveryCOUrseicippott.for rural Studenti to,haVe on-site aides!dediCatedtto`nionitoring: classes and'tutorifikienSureSChJgh:40ality'andstudent-supOdrt. I t tVieislUres:: _ ilci•-•65D,Will„eipa-rld,effeirtsHin,CorrimbhiiyIngagernent,in,rdral'COMmunitig,by•iiiiitiatirigirneetings. I • lin atileaStthiee additiOnal!cbrificibities. 1 : ! . •... KIBSD.kill'enSle:thatialignnent Of StOden ,FandbOoks ohliica-C R2110,Iegaidi htdroyio- , exciettatiOrfsiisThi eff-eci'inall-Sniall.K:lj"sehdols ho,laterrthan topeifibe71f,;20;14.4. • 1 • 6BSD.V.411prOVide perofeSSionaf deVeicorrieift JoriffstO.etibb1:aidgialf&.i3OforfhationarS*Lipp-Ort I segiOrts'f&fibiliyiffieffiberqti all rural sitesto's9pp_ort:diStanceiCielwryiclarses2totbegin;no'later thanrSebteiftilTher7; 2014.,:aridjd,Centinue ttivougtirm4y,2635:40ce:tled,, ,• Kiiis.piCliswfteetteliiie-qieltH'eTs-,Q,Aivisp..ty:4Th-eakirilifstractiCE affthStralegietlibvirtual I , eikidatieh:, • Staridarit1.-,Iiidieltiiii 1:1 1 1A: Standard -iliiiiicaithi 2A; 2:6;!Staiiiiird 3-4ThIntiektor,3:1 I - • . _ _ _ ,..__ . _ ... _ . . . - - - • - k ii r c n a � 41 Plan Surveys Please tell us your role. 200 - 150 100 ACC,t i 3 Y � 50 Parent Staff Student Community Member Choose the school(s)you are closely associated with. 100 80 1 s as i I 4 . f f i i j 1 11 +iCL.G' tr�J O k ..nn.Mru on f F I I a a s r & Q a r ft a e ° q KIBSD's curriculum and instructional programs provide adequate learning experiences that lead to student success. 60 fit 40 j, .i ®Strongly disagree � I Disagree i ® Somawtwt disagree NEN Somewhat agree -. a 1.*. NM Agree i - ! 1 !Strongly agree 1 l i S. •55 k'l l+ J+,i .. 0 1 a KIBSD teachers and staff work to engage students in learning on a daily basis. 100 80 'S ! 0 Strongly disagree 60 I Disagree MI Sarnwhatdisagree e� Somewhat agree ®Agree CI Strongly agree ao •{{ i... 20 1 e 0 �'-11Fl14�9� ` I 0 1 KIBSD engages families in their children's education and keeps families informed about their children's learning progress. so so ¢' m Strorgly disagree ma Disagree MIN Somewhat disagree ao N.Somewhat agree 0 Agree Strongly agree 20 f ,. j it • 1 • o 0 1 KIBSD provides a safe,clean and healthy environment for all students and staff. 80 60 ®Strongly disagree a Disagree i Somewhat disagree ®Somewhat agree ao Agree ae Strongly agree 20 .h 1 1 j,' F 0 1 2 KIBSD provides sufficient technology Infrastructure and equipment to support teaching,learning and operational needs. 100 8o aag Strongly disagree 60 a®Disagree 9 ®Somewtat disagree t. 9 �( Somewhat agree ••Agree y➢ ,1 CO Strongly agree 4D } 1 20 w' IS sal t ( i of 0 1 2 KIBSD attends to the physical,social,and emotional needs of students along with their academic needs. 80 60 i =Strongly disagree 4 ,r an Disagree } MN Somewhat disagree ( ®Somewhat agree 40 € 1 } ®Agree CEll Strongly agree �3 3 1 t 20 1 � ! 0 1 2 I ne Ulstrta's Mission Statement adequately portrays and supports the work of the dlstrictKIBSD Mission StatementThe Kodiak island Borough School District, in close cooperation with our diverse Island community, exists to provide an educational program of the highest standard that empowers all students to achieve personal and academic excellence while developing their full potential as responsible, productive citizens. 60 a cm Strongly dsagree 40 1 ® Disagree jSomewhat disagree t INN Somewhat agree ®Agree ®Strongly agree f i 20 l k cra , 0 � 0 1 2 B , ,.. , oar . , . . , , , , Goals , . . , ._ . . 2012/2013 • Increase student achievement. • Promote fiscal responsibility through improved efficiency. • •Complete new high school facility. 1 • Prepare students for transition to life:'after high school; • .. • Enhance student learning'in?STEAM (science, technology, engineering, arts and math) through professional development for-teachers.' i ' :'Promote the Assets+Framework to support student success through family and community involvement. • ,•,Promote positive co"minunicatiohs with local,:state, and federal policy-makers. t s , L 2' R s `"''emu ..R. €.., -y,yY t ZS',-xir i' 3 N a P� ,1 u..1` l ` y 's M1 , K d T vf: .t � . h J Y . Y � .1.:""471,41 M k, �- 'r ,7-,w f i t �1 -i a. l, i r ,. , } r n � } !.. k x 4� t i ) '+ /it ✓ t tiellieW t Kodiak Island Borough School Distract i Kodiak � " !(slnld Mq o , ; ,f , r s r `}s i 01 t4, (IDwzia. C _ ' 'c . ti-' i _nM0.1—- I3 ' ' 'a �{' i'.h i - © _ 'f 1 ;6.1!. .�R Pti} w.ww t itc v I SR4 .$ I FF O� o ! 'K ss s g ? ,a tea., :c` 4,4..t .° t : "` - c' i A I Ot • -OleFp - �i j! �ah Ili • ',#..t. ) .>uei3 /i�d.. .u....4,, .�.. :7s'.L tea � �,.+. c^ i .� ��V t4.: e^+ Z s,. Cr '''''Sr '.,:a+� 1 w_X" K 2"c • a_' c' ti M1 t+ W L rte_ .t;!Y - 1 T^ 1 4 P = , ' : ' �1p77C't � IN . F 1 'TRINITY' iw KIBSTT r 1 kr- i } -N o, st 2012 Strategic Education Plan The 2012 Strategic Plan serves as the first step in planning for the 2013/2014 school year. *Quality Staff *Celebrating Maximum Achievements *2191 Century Classroom *Customer Service Through Stewardship KIBSD Kodiak Island Borough School District Vision -Kodiak Island Borough School District is a safe, disciplined, and productive environment where students and adults are meaningfully engaged in learning. Our culturally diverse population is viewed as strength with a spirit of equity, cooperation, and respect permeates our school communities. Our curriculum design and instructional practices enhance our ability to connect academic learning to apply learning in the workplace. All our schools are equipped with necessary technology, human resources, and materials for academic success. Mission -Kodiak Island Borough School District, in close cooperation with our diverse island communities,exists to provide an educational program of the highest standard that empowers all students to achieve personal and academic excellence while developing their full potential as responsible, productive citizens. Beliefs -The first and foremost consideration of the educational process is the student. The educational environment must be caring, healthy,safe, non-disruptive,and non-biased.The school is an integral part of the community and the community is an integral part of the school. All students are capable of learning and must have the opportunity to learn. Families are children's primary teachers and must be actively involved in education.The educational process must value and reflect human diversity and the multicultural communities it services. Our communities must be active in educational funding and spending. Excellence in schools must be developed through high standards and high expectations. Students must meet district standards to graduate.Students need opportunities to experience success and to build self-esteem. Success of students in measured in a variety of ways. fat-6th tui 6er- vaa twitter.dmn/ktod Revised November 5,2012 ki entav atsa SjtII ATYI®�N E AN The Kodiak Island Borough School District's Strategic Plan x - ` identifies the Mission and - _ K s ' :, . Vision of the community and it 5i 4 _ j { 1771 becomes an integral part of the �.1/4 _ . . = ^f Mei r aitte annual budget process for the t/ I Li 2013-2014 school year or �3� s � t -' otherwise known as FY 14. ._ ` ' rr a w VJ This year's committee, _ tom ., �� .t,. facilitated by Assistant Superintendent Marilyn % Il' Davidson, met once each week ._ ..- „ �_.; � , °'_. . -' for three weeks. The first week the objective was to share and review information to create an overall picture of KIBSD-strengths and challenges; the second week was spent using the information gathered to identify global needs and target areas for the 2013-2014 school year; and finally the third week identifying themes and drafting strategies to refine ideas into an action plan for KIBSD. Based on the information gathered from various community organizations and their representatives, the District is hopeful that this will assist us in obtaining a clear direction of what is important in education from our island community as we begin to prepare and plan for our 2013-2014 school year. KIBSD would like to thank the following individuals who represented many of the groups, organizations and constituencies of the island: Lucy DeSantiago,Jared Griffin, Nicola Belisle, Beng Roy, Abigail Rudger,Trevor Jones, Mary Guilals-Hawver, Kerry Halter, Melissa Alexander, Barbara Locke, Drew DeVries,Joshua Fitzgerald, Debra Kirk, Kristina Manson, Wade Carlson, Dale Amould and Phyllis Clough. This important process would not be successful without the many voices from our community. We ask that you continue to share your thoughts and ideas with us regarding the future of education for all Kodiak Island students. Revised November 5,2012 .(44nthiti 2i112 �vyM "STRAIT GIC�9El�DUCA Cl®NM A... - . pace_4 The following are the 2012 Role in the Community Strategic Plan survey results collected throughout the fall. biParenu/ewrmam This is the beginning of initial wIBSDStaff planning for the upcoming vstuaent is Community Member 2013-2014 school year. Your Top Priorities Swimming Libraries Foreign&Heritage Languages a *- ,z Fadllty Heeds English Language Acquisition MUM Wellness Program Special Education 'r- • Other Priorities a"*n Counseling a Professional Development no,. . Technology Access "varnr Gifted/Talented °^ "262/1. , t Activities r^r ia.,;r:rxvai CTE/Vocational 7�:>r•F . Student Behavior OEM . Social Studies Health/PE ..-mediarn,, Employability Skills 11111114111011 College Prep imilavait-* ^2 Art/Musk/Drama ': ".f•ES' " " science . Writing :Reading _..- Mathematics 0 10 20 30 40 So 60 70 80 90 Revised Nuvember5,2012 , ++� 'S,TRA kEG`IC E DIge TI®N PLAN Do You Have a Child Attending a ° '_—- ' cif "°�" KIBSD School ,.., a , ,, ',1/211, ;j '_. so IYtl 60 i t, 20 = 5 14-, .,, = * - i ro.,. 'al 70 en No KIBSD is Meeting Your Child's Writing KIBSD is Meeting Your Child's Needs Reading Needs 90 1 so - so sa { . 70 7 I nJ ,'a SO :i t 50I ;■ 40 b a ,y 30 bi m 20 10 � t 2 10 ——' -- -- g Dkagree Agree i Disagree apes KIBSD is Meeting Your Child's Math ',,, - � M Needs ,a.i so a [e `i 1-r s'� � I sa 40 - r.. `�• T vie„' k "t 100 t� �t�: `'�°'*-.a* OSaaree apse +:L- - ..,+P!�-- s. rte. Revised November 5,2012 � .c?v «Ax .:' +a2 t eat "'r; ., ,, ; Sy RAT'EGIC °EDUCATI©N PLANt . pA r.I.. My Child's School is a Safe Place,, ,, e } ,,, Boner--•,t kV:" .')ii d .'^.. f f Ir.4j It. , .{ TO 60i )y^iiX -k'7 „sf) 3, . r.. ak4ak{ t `4 4a. I.1. 3 145' .ie 50 r . y & �_ .. ' 30 1 0 y z4.r s a .e Disagree Agree °I 1 My Child's is Being Prepared for Post ,.n K-12 Education or Careers �, ,x tom` x � q i v ;-k" 80 --- r �e 50 ' . r576r .'-. 40 rFbt,,9 :7 10 t ._ - Disagree Agee - KIBSD is Meeting Students 4e - . ,�{y,-may •- l Educational Needs 4: ti,4 vY, ' -; : 0 5 BO y, ` AS 1 iu - l zl ; Ni > Y, s i i , •. i �'� ss A �' � Tf SO . � y jf , • J D nd —, ., -a:. .,- ..-:ern—c- , v4 ?u• D +a�, 4 - Disagree Agree 4,---- -.L...Gatir tsk. .,4_",r Revised November 5,2012 Aitlevamt.:121.1Er. SpTRATrEGW.E��UCATION RLANt VaF�+ l Summary of Strategic Plan Responses by Category: Community/Economy Concern about cuts in education in the climate of Kodiak's high cost of living and housing shortage. Concern about giving village students the same opportunities as Kodiak city students. Comments on the diversity of students in the school district and providing the best educational experience for these students. CTE/Post Secondary Concern that students are prepared for life after high school including further college study or vocational study. Support for high school dual credit options and hands-on learning experiences. Support for preparing students for jobs and careers. 21st Century Schools Support for the school district becoming a model of 21st century learning and preparing students to be adequately prepared for employment when they graduate from high school. Class Size Concern about class size, particularly in elementary schools. Parent/community partnerships Support of a strong relationship between parents and teachers in the education of students. Also supportive of community ownership and integration of student success. After School Programs Support for after school programs to assist students with working parents and for additional academic attention. Programs Support.for meeting student needs through a variety of instructional approaches and strategies. Wellness Support for student activity and physical education resulting in students that have lifelong healthy habits. - Technology Both support and concern for the KIBSD's embrace of technology. The recognition of technology as a basic tool. Also calls for more technology support. Revised November 5,2012 raibe.02 .e! STR CREGDAiTI®N:PLtN, r , . 3 paso Curriculum Support for a rigorous curriculum of all subjects. In addition to these, support for a curriculum that connects students to other enriching learning opportunities. Support for communicating curriculum goals with parents. ✓ Writing -Support for stronger writing skills for students as an educational priority. ✓ Science-Support for more emphasis for students to master science subjects such as ocean literacy. Concern about the amoral nature of scientific inquiry. ✓ Math-Concern with students who struggle in math classes.Support for Strength in Number programs and showing how mathematics can be applied in the real world. Budget Support for making school district funding a priority at both state and local governments. Support for budget transparency and community inclusion in the budgeting process. Concern about the recent technology renewal and replacement price tag and accounting for purchased items. Behavior and Substances Concern about substance use (drugs and alcohol) in the schools. Support for enforcing dress codes.Support for character education in KIBSD schools so students become community- minded citizens. Also support for programs that combat bullying in the schools. Professional Development ; -' Support for District professional development initiatives such as Strength in Number,Step up to Writing (Common g Ground) and science notebooks. Support for teachers to be ` trained on differentiating instruction, teaching life skills and .ECf i reducing homework load. r �l?H Communication ;F��``� s ._' '�-,r ,n`o'ef Support for more communication between the school district ` _ and the community including students and parents. Revised November 5,2012 f rt s 0! vY cSTRIATEG'IC E lireitTI.®N;ISS4 , In the Classroom 1. Provide professional development in mathematics instruction for teachers K-12 that focuses on improving student learning and best practice in instruction. a. (Measure: 15 teachers and 15 paraprofessionals participate in training opportunities.) 2. Increase opportunities for accelerated math instruction for students in grades 6-12 by establishing district wide criteria for admission to advanced classes. a. (Measure: Provide sufficient enrollment opportunities for the number of students identified for acceleration.) 3. Increase student opportunities and interventions in reading, writing and mathematics. a. (Measure: Increase Standards Based Assessment scores by 5% in reading, writing and mathematics.) 4. KIBSD will complete curriculum alignment with Alaska's New Standards (Common Core) and will articulate vertical alignment and curricular integration for all grades. a. (Measure: Curriculum review for English Language Arts completed and implementation underway and Mathematics curriculum review completed by May 2013-2014.) 5. KIBSD will provide professional development for teachers and training for parents to support students' study skills and motivation to learn including effective implementation of Youth Employability Skills (YES). a. (Measure: 100% of teachers receive training;40% of parents participate in training.) 6. KIBSD will provide accelerated academic opportunities for students at secondary levels as necessary for college preparation. a. (Measure: KMS/KHS will continue to offer array of courses for college bound students with no reduction;Rural Schools will increase advanced academic course offerings for students by 20%; Dual Credit enrollments in academic courses at UA/Kodiak College will increase by 10%.) 7. KIBSD will work to enhance science instruction through professional development for K-8 teachers and by providing increased opportunities for active learning in science for all students. a. (Measure: 30 teachers participate in professional development opportunities in science; 100% of targeted students participate in authentic laboratory experiences.) Revised Nuvember s,2012 nit (}i w STRA- EC- CAE DU MP L'A1 �: s In the Classroom continued.... 8. Students will have internship experiences in an array of STEAM professions in the community. a. (Measure: 10 students in each grade 6-12 are placed in internships in STEAM professions.) 9. KIBSD will work to support a positive first experience for primary students with attention to class size targets and actively teaching Positive Behavior Expectations. a. (Measure: Primary classes will have enrollments less than or equal to staffing formula numbers. All K-2 students will receive direct instruction in Positive behavior expectations.) 10. Continue to support student learning in the arts. a. (Measure:Current level of course offerings hi the arts will be maintained and directed as appropriate to meet student needs.) 11. KIBSD will identify and seek funding to initiate CTE offerings as needs are identified. a. (Measure:2 additional CTE courses will be offered to HS students.) In the School 1. KIBSD will seek both funding and partnerships in providing before and after school programs and activities for students. a. (Measure: Two new afterschool programs will be introduced by January, 2014.) 2. Plans for KMS/KHS and Rural School Advisory periods will be reviewed and enhanced through collaborative planning with teachers and counselors and should address not only academic and career education planning, but also substance abuse and bullying concerns. a. (Measure: All secondary teachers receive training and adequate materials to implement advisory lessons.) 3. KIBSD will conduct review of climate and connectedness survey results in a community forum. a. (Measure: Community meeting held by mid-October 2013.) 4. KIBSD will collect data regarding incidents of substance abuse, bullying/harassment,and other conduct concerns and convene a community forum to address concerns as a community in conjunction with community partners. a. (Measure: Series of meetings begins no later than September, 2013.) Revised November 5,2012 • _ P 6.1 i5t Cl & 5t 4A . i vg''kr ,l#� y STRA1sEGIC EDUCATIONiPLAN _ _ 11 page r1 In the District 1. As part of scheduled program review, KIBSD will implement a systematic program evaluation protocol to determine effectiveness of programs. a. (Measure: Protocol is identified and utilized to review the Gifted and Talented program.) 2. Having reviewed school policies and handbooks in 2012-2013, KIBSD will communicate consistent expectations regarding positive participation in learning opportunities in schools, how to build positive relationships with others, and how to develop skills for a healthy life. a. (Measure: KIBSD will increase attendance rate by 2% and will decrease student suspensions by 10%.) In the Community 1. KWRAC will be the prime communicator regarding workforce needs with KIBSD. a. (Measure: KWRAC will update needs list.) 2. KIBSD will build on actions initiated by the Community Engagement Summit 2012 and will facilitate community engagement in: Volunteerism in schools Parent and community learning opportunities Support for the Developmental Assets for Youth. a. (Measures: Volunteerism will increase by 25%. 10 Learning opportunities will be provided for parents and community members. KIBSD will provide a minimum of 12 presentations to comnnunihj organizations, school i( : groups, and studentllb I groups regarding the '1Gfd7 ,' l 4 f1_7t ;, Developmental Assets + �[" } *MrlA framework.) t -4 �w ,glue t.., .. .y �t "1t- i d ti ‘L; cu!.. m - - �� Revised November 5,2012 STR«A1cECICt roue &AT ON>Pl AN mit 12 Board of Education Goals 2012-2013 Increase student achievement > Promote fiscal responsibility through improved efficiency > Complete new high school facility > Prepare students for transition to life after high school. • Enhance student learning in STEAM (science, technology, engineering, arts and math) through professional development for teachers I - " - vF p� F fi > Promote the Assets i mar Framework to support ( , student success s, ' t -�_ s � it. V,14�tix through family and e• community t,° ♦ � � ) $ b i q -1~.. j Fti involvement ; ' � w . n *, ll - > Promote positive hod ; !` - ' , ` , a x s communications with ' - local, state, and federal � b • policy-makers. _._ __. • Revised November 5,2012 deveolping a balanced budget Jul-13 Federal funding notifications are sent KIBSD State of Alaska started education funding preparation. Aug-13 District needs studied Sep-13 Needs Assessment Oct-13 FY 14 Student Count collected- Strategic Planning Nov-13 Governor's budget and education funding notice- KIBSD Goal Setting Dec-13 FY 15 Student Count projections are formulated. Internal site budgets developed by school and department _ Jan-14 KIBSD projects roll over expenses. By this month KIBSD has Federal The window for community input for budget and State preliminary funding projections. KIB funding projections development. Teacher contracts may be are based on either past three year trend or a written statement of offered. minimum funding. _ Feb-14 The difference between projected expenditures and projected Potential of staff reductions and method revenue generates the climate during a budget cycle. KIBSD is identified. BOE Legislative Fly-ins. seeking ways to reduce the potential conflict by narrowing the difference between funding projections and actual funding. Mar-14 Administrations recommended proposed balanced budget BOE Legislative Fly-ins. Apr-14 KIBSD adopts final budget proposal. All certificated staffing contracts are issued and committed. May-14 KIBSD submits budget final proposal to KIB Jun-14 State finalizes budget and funding. KIB finalizes budget and funding. KIBSD revises final budget. Jul-14 KIBSD submits final budget to DEED A ''APP ''t Kodiak Island Borough MEMORANDUM TO: Honorable Mayor and Assembly Members of the Kodiak Island Bo gl THROUGH: Bud Cassidy, Borough Manager FROM: Karleton Short, Finance Director SUBJECT: Strategic Plan DATE: November 29, 2013 Borough Staff has been spending some time re-examining our current strategic plan, how it is implemented, various other formats and implementation methods. We used the Municipal Research and Services Center of Washington quite a bit. Their address is http://www.mrsc.org/library/ctystat.aspx. They had several different strategic plans adopted by different governments. We have included some of these in your packet. We also purchased the book called Strategic Planning for Local Government, a Handbook for Officials and Citizens. If any of you would like for us to buy a copy of the book for you or if you want to look at the one we have please let us know. There is one point that I have found is consistent among the various governments and references is that you start at the future. You need to imagine yourself sitting on a mountaintop five years from now looking at the Borough and how do you want it to look. Do you want all of the Borough schools in good repair, do you want a vibrant economy, facilities for our senior citizens and playgrounds for our kids? The approach is to look into the future to see what you want and the Strategic Plan is how to get there. • We have attached a draft 5 year plan. We are doing this differently than we have in the past. Before we based our plan on various area and non-area wide powers. In this format we are basing our plan on different areas that the Borough is responsible for but by function, not power. For tonight's meeting we have concentrated on part 1, the Financial Stability and Operational Effectiveness of the Borough. We have added a short section on Infrastructure and Facilities and another section on Economic Vitality. These two sections are in this document to show how a finished document would look, these are not based on actual goals. If the Mayor and Assembly like this approach we have on decision to make. Goal I in the Financial Stability and Operational Effectiveness is to provide an assessment program that produces fair and equitable assessments on all real and personal property and meets or exceeds state standards for assessments. Objectives of this goal may be to physically inspect all of the real property in Port Lions, Karluk and Women's Bay this year or to have assessed values within 5% of actual. Would you like for us to include objectives as part of this document or would you like for staff to bring you back their objectives as part of the budget process? 2 �51.A`�t @p, Kodiak Island Borough ..P 9 ', 1 0 ' i aµ, Strategic Leadership Plan +o Yi t t ' ';, 1, '' 5-Year Goals for 2013-2017 _ ___,,,f_ .„ ......,„, -- ,, ALASKA"t kt 1 Financial Stability and Oeierational`Effectiveness; .-* r s ^ 4 - + Y e *.{.""C,., i ...2". „�sk ,aA ;.4 xL"# �',`.z rt a-....4'3":'I ; . e T 4.1.. �l' �` -''� v .P�S'. The Kodiak Islan Borough will effectively managethe financial resources our'atizens provide fors 41 B rough govern ent Ourstaf will st iye to deliv'e'excellent services}at the most reaso able cost y$..+.1 A -cane: -te , �a:.v 'wr^ i, {:; t"si.111 .x, ..g7.*Srro ~ -,-.4.'- :t .; ,Wetivii ensure ttiaat Bero ieli residents�recerve greatwalue for their,tax dollars and that Borough programs,services saannd,capitalfprojecctsbenefit thejcommunity a a�hole We reScognize that our s, citizens demand:accountability and adaptability ,espeaally.whenevaluating and,pnontizingnon , w 1 essential services, °f tr `: .. a .:. ''; _ vim: Goal 1: To provide an assessment program that produces fair and equitable assessments on all real and personal property and meets or exceeds state standards for assessments. Goal 2: To collect all Borough revenues, to include property and severance taxes, in a timely and efficient manner. Goal 3: To avoid issuing debt to finance ongoing operations. Goal 4: Actively pursue outside revenue sources, particularly Federal and State Grants Goal S: To prepare accurate and timely financial reports in accordance with GFOA and GASB standards. Goal 6: To budget the Borough's resource to provide the best essential services to the residents, at the lowest cost to our citizens. Goal 7: Develop a comprehensive human resource strategy to include hiring capable employees, compensating our employees fairly, and providing proper education. Goal 8: Maintain and improve our GIS system to help with the assessment of real property within the Borough. Goal 9: Invest Borough funds with the primary objective of safety, followed by availability of funds, and finally interest earnings. 2 Infrastructure and Faahties o. n q Kodiak'is a full service Borough that operates and'maintainsta prOaCr range of<facilities rinfrastructure mcludmg alll school buildings',critical to meeting community need BoroughRgrowth is accom'pamed by;the need for additional facilities and infrastrructure tha_t are'm(the best interest of the, Borough .; ✓ bra f , •$, P : -71 IGoal 1: IPlan and provide infrastructure and facilities essential to community growth. Goal 2: Maximize existing facility and infrastructure life through sustainable maintenance programs. Goal 3: Develop comprehensive,yet realistic, energy policies. Goal 4: To provide risk management through self insurance and insurance. p ... y4 3 Economic Vitality < - Economlcvitality's a communty s capacity to be',economically competitive resilient and attractive to*. pnvate`and public enterprise This requires strength`to withstand the iu'ps and downs of an economic A are � :. � n' , cycle. Goal 1: Increase the non-residential property tax base by facilitating commercial and industrial development Goal 2: Increase primary sector, non-Borough employment in the Borough. Goal 3: !Create an environment that fosters the recruitment and retention of young talent. 1 A. General Administration and Finance Goals and Objectives 2 1. Create a fiscal plan that incorporates KIBSD funding and maintenance costs for all 3 Borough operations including enterprise funds to produce a reliable and 4 comprehensive plan reflecting assumptions and fiscal projections under the current 5 fiscal and political environment. 6 7 8 9 2. Continue to provide reliable and competent accounting services to all Borough 10 departments and outside agencies. 11 12 13 14 15 16 3. To professionally manage the Borough's cash and investments, to include the corpus 17 of the Facilities Fund. 18 19 4. Provide a comprehensive risk management program for the Borough, including the 20 school district. 21 a. 22 b. 23 c. 24 d. 25 e. 26 27 5. Prepare a budget each year for adoption by the Borough Assembly. 28 a. 29 b. 30 c. 31 32 33 34 6. Maintain and shelter a diversified and stable revenue structure from short-run 35 fluctuations in any one revenue source. 36 37 38 39 7. To provide safe and efficient Information Technology (IT) Services to staff and the 40 Assembly 41 a. 42 b. 43 c. 44 d. . Kodiak Island Borough Resolution No. FY2013-22 Page 2 of 15 45 46 8. Maintain and expand our internet presence. 47 a. 48 49 9. Maintain and expand our comprehensive Geographic Information System (GIS). 50 a. 51 b. 52 53 10. Collect all Borough receivables in a timely manner. 54 55 56 57 11. Continue to work with municipalities and other service providers to increase 58 efficiencies and cooperation that will lower costs to the citizens. 59 a. Enforce road service area powers and operations. 60 b. Educate the public on how a neighborhood fits into service area powers and 61 procedures. 62 63 c. Establish a process that would develop road improvements in a cost effective 64 manner. 65 66 d. Develop an education program for new road service area and fire protection 67 board members regarding their empowered duties and responsibilities. 68 69 70 71 12. Review and implement land management strategies for public lands, including 72 leases, license agreements, and land sales that are in balance with the real estate 73 market. Provide for the transfer of developable public lands to the private sector in an 74 equitable and cost-effective manner. 75 76 77 78 13. Operate and maintain Borough facilities in a safe, healthy, and attractive manner that 79 creates a positive environment for the community and ensures safe and reasonable 80 access for all citizens including the physically impaired. 81 82 83 14. Develop and implement a methodology to systematically review and evaluate 84 Borough operations. 85 86 87 88 Kodiak Island Borough, Alaska Resolution No. FY2013-22 Page 3 of 15 : Pt Kodiak Island Borough 144 e MEMORANDUM TO: Honorable Mayor and Assembly Members of the Kodiak Island B�jh • THROUGH: Bud Cassidy, Borough Manager FROM: Karleton Short, Finance Director 'It'd SUBJECT: Strategic Plan DATE: October 29, 2013 Assembly member Chris Lynch has asked Borough staff to prepare a paper on the Borough's Goals and objectives and how we can measure them to show the Assembly and public what the Borough has accomplished during a year and how effective we were. I have worked on this document with the help of Bill Roberts, Borough Assessor, and Paul VanDyke, IT supervisor. We have listed the goals for the Finance, Assessing and IT departments in this document. I have attached the Fiscal Policy of the Kodiak Island Borough, which is part of the Borough Code, and a draft GIS policy document. (I generally do not give out draft documents but I wanted the Mayor and Assembly to see which direction we are going). Many of the goals in the Finance, Assessing, and IT departments are what I call yes/no indicators. You either prepared an annual report to GASB and GFOA standards or you didn't. Some of our goals and objects however are measurable. An example is how many lots were visually inspected each year; perhaps on a per employee basis. I welcome comments on this document and we can change it to a different style. I would like to point out that the Finance section was written by me, the Assessing section by Bill Roberts, Borough Assessor, and the IT/GIS sections by Paul VanDyke, IT supervisor. Instead of changing the style of this document to one style I left the different sections in the form they were written. The Assembly can let us know what format they like best and we will change this document and following documents to that format. A. General Administration and Finance Goals and Objectives 1. Create a fiscal plan that incorporates KIBSD funding and maintenance costs for all Borough operations including enterprise funds to produce a reliable and comprehensive plan reflecting assumptions and fiscal projections under the current fiscal and political environment. This goal is basically our annual budget. It is a hard goal to measure, it is basically a yes we did it or no we didn't. This Goal is covered in our current Fiscal Policy. Please see the attached fiscal policy. 2. Continue to provide reliable and competent accounting services to all Borough departments and outside agencies. a. Timely reconciliation of all accounts. i. This should be done within 60 days of receipt of the statements. b. Prompt payment of all bills. i. All bills will be paid by the due date as set in the contract. If there is no due date than the bills will be paid with 30 days of receipt. c. Preparation of a comprehensive annual financial report that meets the standards of the Government Finance Officers Association. Yes/No d. Prepare accurate and timely monthly financial reports. Monthly reports should be prepared within 60 days of month end. e. Keep accurate records of all Borough fixed assets. Yes/No f. Comply with terms and conditions of grants, including the reporting requirements of the Federal and State granting agencies. Yes/No g. Prepare a "Popular Annual Financial Report" that conforms to the standards of the Government Finance Officers popular reporting program and mail to registered voters of Kodiak Island Borough. Yes/No 3. To professionally manage the Borough's cash and investments, to include the corpus of the Facilities Fund. a. To manage the Borough's investment portfolio in the following order of importance: i. Protect the investments of the Borough. Yes/No H. Provide liquidity to pay ongoing obligations of the Borough. Yes/No Hi, Provide interest earnings to help defray the use of property taxes. Yes/No b. To monitor the banking agreement with our bank and issue and evaluate RFP's for banking services. To issue an RFP for banking services every 5 years. c. To be proactive in the detection and prevention of fraud. Yes/No 4. Provide a comprehensive risk management program for the Borough, including the school district. a. Identify all property that needs to be insured and determine appropriate values and deductible limits. Yes/No b. Evaluate risk management coverage and financial condition of various insurers and re-insurers. Yes/No c. Reduce risk by promoting safe practices by employees and identifying potential hazards. Have a safety officer on staff. Participate in AMUJIA safety program. 5. Prepare a budget each year for adoption by the Borough Assembly. a. Ensure the budget meets the standards set by the Government Finance Officers Association. Yes/No 2 • b. Ensure user fees cover the actual cost of providing the service unless a lower level of funding has been approved by the Assembly to minimize general fund subsidies of special services. Yes/No c. Pay for all recurring expenditures with recurring revenues and to use nonrecurring revenues for nonrecurring expenditures. Yes/No d. Have a positive undesignated fund balance of at least 15% of the previous year's expenditures and transfers out and have a positive cash balance in all governmental funds at the end of each fiscal year. Yes/No e. Provide for adequate maintenance of capital plant and equipment and for its timely replacement. Yes/no 6. Maintain and shelter a diversified and stable revenue structure from short-run fluctuations in any one revenue source. a. Maintain a diversified and stable economic base by supporting policies that promote tourism, fishing, agriculture, and commercial and industrial employment. Yes/No b. Institute standard user fees and charges for specialized programs and services, where possible and reasonable. Rates will be established to recover operational as well as capital or debt service costs. Work with departments heads and other staff to prepare a fee resolution as part of the annual budget process. IT/GIS POLICY The Kodiak Island Borough IT/GIS Department provides access to information and the underlying infrastructure to house that information that'run the operations of the Kodiak Island Borough. This infrastructure includes the hardware, software and procedures to provide reliable service to the Borough employees and the public. The IT/GIS department also maintains and provides mapping related resources to the Borough and the public. Information Technology 1. Data Integrity The Borough's electronic data that Is housed in the Borough's datacenter and in other online repositories is critical for the operations to the Borough. The systems that process and store this information are reliable and have built-in redundancies. These systems are backed up regularly using common industry practices. 2. Security Most of the Borough's data is public record. However, not all information is. Authentication is required to access to the Borough network and data. Information is shared between departments via the Borough's network and resources. Access to many of the Borough's resources are logged and accounting and auditing can be performed. The Borough's network resources are protected from the Internet via firewalls. Client computers contain anti-virus software to prevent exposure and infection of computer viruses. The IT department continually monitors industry sources for security related information and updates computer systems as necessary. 3. Data Access The IT department provides users with desktop and laptop computers to access network resources and applications. The IT department maintains licenses for software that keep the Borough in legal compliance with software vendors. 4. Communications 3 The IT department maintains several communication technologies for the Borough's needs. These include a PBX-style telephone system for voice communications; an email system for internal and external digital communication; and fax machines for transmitting and receiving paper documents 5. Documentation (Procedures) The IT department prepares written documentation to share knowledge with employees inside and outside the department. 6. Innovation/New Technology The IT department regularly evaluates new technology as it relates to the needs of the Borough. As necessary, IT implements phases in new technology and replaces outdated technology while creating a minimal impact to the organization and end-users. 7. Budgeting The IT department prepares an annual budget that consists of operating expenses, maintenance agreements and capital purchases to provide reliable services to the Borough staff and public. New technology will be budgeted for and implemented in the most budget neutral manner, creating as little disruption to level budgeting as possible. Geographic Information Systems 1. Data Integrity The GIS department will make edits to existing datasets in a timely manner to insure the quality of the GIS data. Input for these edits comes from internal auditing and from other department's processes (internal and public). The spatial data maintained by the Borough is under constant review and maintenance to correct spatial errors in existing data are made. 2. Borough Primary Datasets The GIS department will work with the Community Development department and others to map the legal boundaries of properties with the Kodiak Island Borough. These property boundaries may be delineated through several methods and bi-directional communication between the GIS department and others ais necessary. The Borough's Assessing department is responsible for managing the ownership of properties for assessment and taxation. The GIS department will maintain the relationship between the Borough Assessor's role and the spatial information contained in the GIS system. The zoning districts as they are identified and modified by the Planning and Zoning commission will be appropriately mapped and displayed on map products. 3. Data Collection The GIS department will collect data from field work;collaborating departments and agencies; and the public to meet the needs of the Borough. Appropriate and accurate information will ensure the creation of map products that meet the needs of their intended use. Ongoing collection of imagery via aerial and satellite methods provide coverage of development in the Borough. This information is relevant for quick visual analysis and long-term comparisons. Collection of elevation information such as LiDAR is useful for terrain analysis. 4. Publish Map Products The GIS department will analyze available data for the creation of map products to serve the needs of the Borough staff and the public. Standard map products with dynamic 4 content are maintained by the GIS department for publication on an ongoing basis. These maps are created and made readily available for the public. Data Availability The GIS department makes a standard spatial dataset available on the Borough's website. This includes the operational and base layers that are required for most Borough maps. Access to these datasets allows the public and other agencies to use current data in the creation of their own map products. 5. Public Education/Outreach The GIS department provides instructional resources online for the differing mapping tools available to the public. 7. To provide safe and efficient Information Technology (IT) Services to staff and the Assembly a. Provide current IT hardware, software and training to Borough employees and Assembly in order to enhance efficiencies in the operations of Borough business. Yes/No b. Ensure safety of Borough data and records through standardization, documentation, and off-site backups. Yes/No c. Evaluate new software and hardware for use by the Borough, embracing standardization and modernization. Yes/No 8. Collect all Borough receivables in a timely manner. a. Prepare and collect property taxes in an accurate and prompt manner. i. Maintain a low inventory of tax-foreclosed property through regular sales that minimizes negative community impacts. Have a foreclosure sale at least every two years. ii. Ensure all properties are reviewed and selected for documented public purposes prior to disposal in a timely manner. Yes/No 9. Continue to work with municipalities and other service providers to increase efficiencies and cooperation that will lower costs to the citizens. a. Continue to pursue efficiencies by utilizing municipal services in a cooperative manner with all municipalities. Yes/No b. Continue to review and evaluate all options for providing superior services through consolidation, annexation, unification, or other methods that may maximize efficiencies. Yes/No c. Enforce road service area powers and operations. Yes/No Educate the public on how a neighborhood fits into service area powers and procedures. d. Establish a process that would develop road improvements in a cost effective manner. Yes/No f. Develop an education program for new road service area and fire protection board members regarding their empowered duties and responsibilities. Yes/No 10. Review and implement land management strategies for public lands, including leases, license agreements, and land sales that are in balance with the real estate market. 5 Provide for the transfer of developable public lands to the private sector in an equitable and cost-effective manner. a. Evaluate all Borough land on a regular basis and conduct a sale of land in the spring/summer of 2013 that is appropriate for development and in demand. Yes/No b. Reserve appropriate Borough land for public recreation, while at the same time pursuing through land exchange acquisition of high-value recreational land on the road system currently in private ownership. Yes/No c. Continue to pursue employing professional services through the RFP process for potential large tract disposals and for timber valuation on Borough lands. Yes/No d. Initiate a review and develop a management system for Borough leases.Yes/No e. Work toward completion of the ongoing revision of Title 18. Yes/No 11. Operate and maintain Borough facilities in a safe, healthy, and attractive manner that creates a positive environment for the community and ensures safe and reasonable access for all citizens including the physically impaired. a. Review lease rates to ensure Borough facilities generate sufficient revenues to pay for adequate operational and maintenance expenses and replacement costs as allowed by market value. Annual review of lease rates b. Annual review of leased property, on site if property is on the road system b. Work cooperatively to develop a Renewal and Replacement schedule for all Borough buildings. Yes/No 12. Develop and implement a methodology to systematically review and evaluate Borough operations. a. Review and update the Personnel Rules and Regulations. Perform annual, formal review, of Personnel Rules and Regulations. b. Conduct a review of the Borough salary scale every five years. Yes/No B. Tax Assessment and Collection Goals and Objectives Provide an assessment program that produces fair and equitable assessments to all real and personal property at a level acceptable to national, state and local standards. 1. Maintain a cycle for re-inspection of all properties that meets state requirements. 2. Maintain a market sales collection and analysis system to adequately determine sales to assessed value ratios. 3. Annual review of market trends to determine the need for broad brush assessment updates. 4. Develop a personal property assessment system that adequately tracks and values all personal property subject to taxation. Administer all exemption programs to ensure full compliance with Federal, State, and local laws and regulations. 1. Provide for a periodic review of all exempt properties to determine any changes in use or ownership that would affect the exemption. 2. Attend biannual AAA() meetings to keep abreast of changes in regulations or interpretations of regulations based on current court decisions. Develop a staff professional and education program to ensure that staff has the necessary knowledge to competently fulfill their duties and responsibilities. 6 1. Budget for staff education opportunities to participate in classes offered by IMO and AAAO. 2. Provide monthly updates to staff on market activities. 3. Engage staff in interactive discussions concerning assessments, current market trends, and changes in regulations Develop and utilize the GIS system to help with field inspections to reduce costs. 1. Work with the MIS department to encourage budgeting for GIS updates and improvements. 2. Encourage refinement of existing GIS to correct inherent errors in geometry, add omitted parcels and add fabric layers to handle leasehold interest, legal parcels and economic parcels. 3. Budget for a systematic update to imagery to help with remote inspections. Maintain all records necessary to adequately complete the primary goals and objectives of this department. 1. Continue to develop a system to collect and analyze market data. 2. Pursue compliance with the records retention schedule set forth by the Borough and State. 3. Complete scanning permanent documents into Laser fiche to make them readily available to staff and other departments. 4. Fully mature property records in the CAMA system and ensure all changes and entries are fully documented. Preparation of tax bills 1. Tax bills will be prepared using the tax code area, assessed value, and mill rates. 2. Tax bills will be mailed on or before July 1. Collection of property taxes 1. Taxes are payable by: i. Installments— 151 half due August 15" and 2r" half due November 15"'. ii. Full payment - due on October 15'. 2. The Borough accepts cash, checks and money orders for payment of property taxes in person at the cashier's office or via delivery services. Delivery date is determined by delivery service's cancellation stamp. 3. The Borough will not pay, or accept, lees or other charges relating to tax payments made by credit card. As such, the Borough has contracted with an outside vendor for those taxpayers who want to pay by credit card. The taxpayer is solely responsible for the payment of fees or charges for that convenience. Foreclosure due to delinquent property taxes. 1. The Borough will prepare a list of properties annually that have delinquent taxes or fees due. 2. The Borough, with oversight from legal counsel, will enter the Foreclosure process as determined by Alaska State Statues and Borough Code. 3. Properties in the Foreclosure process will: i. Be redeemed by paying for delinquent taxes and associated fees. ii. Be foreclosed on and granted Clerk's Deed to property title. 4. Clerk Deeded properties (with the intent be returned to a taxable base) are then evaluated for: 7 i. Transition to city or tribe ii. Public use purposes iii. Land sales iv. Other 8 • FISCAL POLICY This fiscal policy, adopted March 15, 1990, is a statement of the guidelines and goals that will influence and guide the financial management practices of the Kodiak Island Borough. A fiscal policy that is adopted, adhered to, and regularly reviewed is recognized as the cornerstone of sound financial management. Effective fiscal policy: contributes significantly to the Borough's ability to insulate itself from having a financial crisis; enhances long-term financial credibility by helping to achieve the highest bond and credit ratings possible; promotes long-term financial stability by establishing clear and consistent guidelines; directs attention to the total financial picture of the Borough rather than single-issue areas; promotes the view of linking long-run financial planning with day-to-day operations; and provides the Assembly and the citizens of the Borough with a framework for measuring the fiscal impact of government services against established fiscal parameters. To these ends, the following policy statements are provided: 1. Operating Budget Policies The budget is a plan for allocating resources. The objective is to enable service delivery with allocated resources. Services must be delivered to the citizens at a level that will meet real needs as efficiently and effectively as possible. The Borough's goal is to pay for all recurring expenditures with recurring revenues and to use non-recurring revenues for non-recurring expenditures. It is important that a positive undesignated fund balance and a positive cash balance be shown in all governmental funds at the end of each fiscal year. When deficits appear to be forthcoming within a fiscal year, spending during the fiscal year must be reduced sufficiently to create a positive undesignated fund balance and a positive cash balance. When possible, the Borough will integrate performance measurement and productivity indicators within the budget. This should be done in an effort to improve the productivity of Borough programs and employees. Productivity analysis should become a dynamic part of the Borough administration. The budget must be structured so that the Assembly and the general public can readily establish the relationship between expenditures and the achievement of service objectives. The individual department and agency budget submissions must be prepared with the basic assumption that the Assembly will always attempt to maintain the current tax rates. Budgetary review by the Assembly will focus on the following basic concepts: Staff Economy The size and distribution of staff will be a prime concern. The Assembly will seek to limit staff increases to areas where approved program growth and support absolutely requires additional staff and to reduce staff where this can be done without adversely affecting approved service levels. Capital Construction Emphasis will be placed upon continued reliance on a viable level of pay-down capital construction to fulfill needs in an Assembly approved comprehensive capital improvements program. 9 Program Expansions Proposed expansion to existing programs and services must be submitted as budgetary increments requiring detailed justification. Every proposed program or service expansion will be scrutinized on the basis of its relationship to the health, safety, and welfare of the community. New Programs New programs or services must also be submitted as budgetary increments requiring detailed justification. New programs or services will be evaluated on the same basis as program expansion plus an analysis of long term fiscal impacts. Existing Service Costs The justification for base budget program costs will be a major factor during budget review. Administrative Costs In all program areas, administrative overhead costs should be kept to an absolute minimum. Functions of all departments and agencies should be reviewed in an effort toward reducing duplicate activities within the Borough government and the autonomous and semi-autonomous agencies, which receive appropriations from the Borough. The budget will provide for adequate maintenance of capitalized assets and for their orderly replacement. The administration will maintain budgetary controls at the character level within each organizational unit. (Characters are broad classifications of expenditures: fringe benefits, contractual services.) The preparation and distribution of monthly budget status reports, interim financial statements, and annual financial reports is required. The Borough will remain current in payments to the retirement system. The Borough will develop and annually update a long-range (three to five years) financial forecasting system that will include projections of revenues, expenditures, and future costs and financing of capital improvements that are included in the capital budget. The Borough will develop and annually update a financial trend monitoring system which will examine the fiscal trends from the preceding five years- trends such as revenues and expenditures per capita and adjusted for inflation, liquidity, or operating deficits. Where possible, trend indicators will be developed and tracked for specific elements of the Borough's fiscal policy. 2. Debt Policies The Borough will not fund current operations from the proceeds of borrowed funds. The Borough will confine long-term borrowing to funding of capital improvements or projects that cannot be financed from current revenues. 10 When the Borough finances capital projects by issuing bonds, it will repay the debt within a period not to exceed the expected useful life of the project. Target debt ratios will be annually calculated and included in the review of financial trends. Net debt, as a percentage of the estimated market value of taxable property should not exceed two percent. The ratio of debt service expenditures as a percent of governmental fund expenditures should not exceed 15 percent. The Borough recognizes the importance of underlying and overlapping debt in analyzing financial conditions and will regularly analyze its indebtedness. The Borough will maintain good communications about its financial condition with bond and credit institutions. The Borough will follow a policy of full disclosure in every annual financial statement and bond official statement. The Borough will avoid borrowing on tax anticipation and maintain adequate fund balance. 3. Revenue Policies The Borough will try to maintain a diversified and stable revenue structure to shelter it from short-run fluctuations in any single revenue source. The Borough will attempt to maintain a diversified and stable economic base by supporting policies that promote tourism, fishing, agriculture, commercial, and industrial employment. The Borough will estimate its annual revenues by an objective, analytical process. The Borough, where possible and reasonable, will institute user fees and charges for specialized programs and services. Rates will be established to recover operational, as well as capital or debt service costs. The Borough will regularly review user fee charges and related expenditures to determine if pre-established recovery goals are met. The Borough will maintain a sound, consistent, and equitable ad valorem property tax assessment program. The Borough will follow an aggressive policy of collecting tax revenues where the annual level of uncollected current property tax should not exceed two percent. The Borough should routinely identify governmental aid funding possibilities. However, before applying for and accepting intergovernmental aid, the Borough will assess the merits of a particular program as if it were funded with local tax dollars. Local tax dollars will not be used to make up for losses of intergovernmental aid without first reviewing the program and its merits as a budgetary increment. 4. Investment Policies The Borough will maintain an investment policy based on the Government Finance Officers Association (GFOA) model investment policy. The Borough will conduct an analysis of cash flow needs on an ongoing basis. Disbursements, collections, and deposits of all funds will be scheduled to ensure maximum cash availability and investment potential. When permitted by law, the Borough will pool its various funds for investment purposes. The Borough will obtain the best possible return on all investments consistent with the underlying criteria of liquidity and safety of principal. The Borough will regularly review contractual opportunities for consolidated banking services. 5. Accounting, Auditing, and Reporting Policies The Borough will establish and maintain a high standard of accounting practices in conformance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). The accounting system will maintain records on a basis consistent with accepted standards for government accounting according to the Government Accounting Standards Board (GASB). 11 Regular monthly financial statements and annual financial reports will present a summary of financial activity by departments and agencies within all funds. Where possible, the reporting system will also provide monthly information on the total cost of specific services by type of expenditure and revenue by fund. An independent firm of certified public accountants will perform an annual financial and compliance audit and will publicly issue an opinion, which will be incorporated into the Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR). The Borough will annually strive for the GFOA Certificate of Achievement for Excellence in Financial Reporting and the GFOA Distinguished Budget Presentation Award. 6. Capital Budget Policies The Borough will make all capital improvements in accordance with an adopted capital improvements program. The Borough will develop a multi-year plan for capital improvements that considers development policies and links the development process with the capital plan. The Borough will enact an annual capital budget based on the multi-year capital improvement program. The Borough will coordinate development of the capital improvement budget with development of the operating budget. Future operating costs.associated with new capital projects will be projected and included in operating budget forecasts. The Borough will maintain all its assets at a level adequate to protect its capital investments and to minimize future maintenance and replacement costs. The Borough will identify"full-life" estimated cost and potential funding sources for each capital project proposal before it is submitted to the Assembly for approval. The Borough will determine the total cost for each potential financing method for capital project proposals. The Borough will identify the cash flow needs for all new projects and determine which financing method best meets the cash flow needs of the project. 7. Reserve Policies The Borough will maintain a fund balance designation for fiscal cash liquidity purposes; i.e. fiscal reserve that will provide sufficient cash flow to minimize the potential of short- term tax anticipation borrowing. The Borough will maintain appropriated contingencies to provide for unanticipated expenditures. The three contingencies and their recommended minimum funding levels are: Emergency Contingency 1.00% of General Fund Personnel Contingency 0.50% of General Fund Litigation Contingency 0.25% of General Fund The Borough will maintain sufficient self-insurance reserves, as established by professional judgment, based on the funding techniques utilized and the recorded losses. For fiscal year 2010 these are the levels of funding required to meet these needs. Basically this is unencumbered fund balance in the General Fund: General Fund Percent Applied for Contingency Balance Fund Balance Emergency $3,162,680 1% $31,627 12 Personnel $3,162,680 1/2% 15,813 Litigation $3,162,680 1/4% 7,907 Total N/A N/A $55,347 The $3,162,680 in unreserved fund balance in the General Fund easily covers these amounts. 13 -I-C- Kodiak Island Borough i ' — . .. - Yc ilk T, f I GIS ; IS I • t4f bV Plan p : iscLoge,5. Aa i October 2013 3. f° � ,f a,x 3 .• ate. ,' ^sirc Wr •..fit f max,. r I "' il, 414 r c ■ 9 i 651..2Y 0.21EpH i • I d r i 4 ', n� �� .. <c.....a .<. .�. Maya Dauria GIS Analyst October 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 Maya Oaurio GIS Analyst October 2013 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PURPOSE This Geographic Information Systems (GIS) strategic plan establishes direction and priorities for the Kodiak Island Borough to provide accurate,timely, and high quality geographic information to support informed decision making by government, businesses, and citizens. Specifically, this plan provides a roadmap to: • Increase the accuracy of GIS data • Improve effectiveness and efficiencies • Expand access to GIS mapping, services, and data GOALS Develop tools, workflows,and strategies to increase quality and accuracy of GIS data. Expand internal and external access to GIS through web mapping applications, desktop GIS, and mobile applications. Develop a GIS system infrastructure to leverage GIS efficiencies, reduce costs, and streamline workflows. Promote the use of GIS standards and best practices, including the creation of metadata for all data layers. 3 Maya Daurio G15 Analyst October 2013 2. BACKGROUND 2,1 GIS PROGRAM MISSION STATEMENT The Kodiak Island Borough GIS mission is to provide accurate, consistent,accessible, and comprehensive GIS data, infrastructure, and services to support effective decision making and management of assets, and to meet the unique needs of the Kodiak Island Borough and the communities we serve. 2.2 GIS PROGRAM HISTORY In 2002, the Borough invested in GIS software and contracted to have existing parcel data converted from AutoCAD to GIS. The Borough's 2004-2008 Strategic Plan advocated for a GIS for the Borough"in order to facilitate its tax collection and planning obligations and to make information accessible to citizens and Borough employees" (Alaska Map Science, 2004: 7). In 2004, a GIS needs assessment recommended: increased efficiency of the GIS; increased use of the GIS; clean up and documentation of the data filing system; and improved access to GIS data (Ibid, 2004:7-14) By 2005,GIS had moved from Community Development to IT to account for increased data storage needs. As of 2013, the Borough has implemented specific recommendations from the needs assessment,specifically :acquisition of additional GIS data, including orthoimagery and elevation data; provision of access to GIS data through the Internet;in-house GIS skill development; establishment of a Property Steering Committee to provide direction; production of mapbooks and an Urban Area zoning map; documentation of a GIS procedure to produce public hearing notices;and singular use of GIS over AutoCAD. The Kodiak Island Borough's Strategic Plan for the years 2013-2017 outlines specific goals related to GIS,including providing access to a fully functional web GIS with the following layers: trails, wetlands, land ownership, and evacuation plans, among others.The Plan also calls for: extending the base map layer beyond the road system to include the entire borough;further synchronizing GIS with the property records database maintained in Assessing;setting up a web server to which the database will be copied nightly, giving the public continuous access to current data and user-defined maps; continuing to audit the Borough's data layers and parcel information in the GIS and PACS database; and investigating an aerial survey baseline to be used to help lower costs for annual remote re-inspections(Kodiak Island Borough, 2013: 8-10). In 2013, there is a web GIS containing bay names and parcels joined to the PACS database to display ownership information.An imagery acquisition proposal written by the GIS Analyst was approved by the Property Steering Committee to acquire aerial imagery for the road system and 4 Maya Daurio GIS Analyst October ZD13 satellite imagery for Assessing's remote assessment areas on a regular basis.Multiple GIS layers are maintained and published, including zoning, addresses, roads, election precincts, and parcels, among others. Numerous map products are published using this data, including mapbooks for emergency responders, an Urban Area zoning map, street and address maps for the Urban Area and Bells Flats, election maps, and service area road maintenance maps.The Borough coordinates a GIS Users Group composed of local GIS users from various organizations that meets monthly. 5 Maya Oaurio GIS Analyst October 2013 3. CURRENT STATUS 3.1 ORGANIZATION GIS is currently within the IT Department and guided,in part, by a Property Steering Committee. There is one full time GIS staff person,the GIS Analyst,who is supervised by the IT Supervisor. There are three GIS users in Community Development, the two Associate Planners and the secretary, who all have access to desktop GIS.The Planners use zoning and land use templates created by the GIS Analyst, and the secretary uses a public hearing notice template created by the Analyst. Training is provided by the Analyst when the GIS software is upgraded. There are four GIS users in Assessing, all of whom use a template created by the GIS Analyst to prepare for remote assessment trips and other property questions.These users are:the Assessor, the Appraiser, and two Assessor Technicians. Nearly all other Borough employees access GIS through an interactive web mapping application. 3.2 SYSTEM INFRASTRUCTURE The Kodiak Island Borough GIS primarily uses multi-level Esri licenses (Desktop Basic, Desktop Standard, Desktop Advanced)at individual workstations. I NSERT+PAUliS.W ORDING!HERE: 6 Maya Daurio GIS Analyst October 2013 3.3 DATA HOLDINGS The Kodiak Island Borough is the default geospatial clearinghouse for the region and maintains, receives, and distributes multiple data sets. The Borough maintains both vector data (addresses, parcels, roads)and raster data (LiDAR, orthorectified aerial imagery, IfSAR). Vector data is usually stored as shapefiles or as feature classes within a geodatabase. No inventory of data has been done, but a primary geodatabase named Production is used internally to populate GIS templates with data layers and also is published to the website as a downloadable zipfile. Reference a detailed list of available data layers within Appendix A 3.4 WEB MAPPING APPLICATIONS AND ONLINE GIS DATA Kodiak Island Borough GIS Website http://www.kodiakak.us/index.aspxThIlD=339 The Kodiak Island Borough website contains a Map Center webpage, which provides a brief introduction to GIS mapping, links to an online, interactive map where users can query property assessment and ownership information associated with parcels, publishes a base geodatabase available for download, and publishes PDF maps representing various GIS data layers. Reference a list of available maps for download within Appendix B. 7 Maya Daurlo GIS Analyst October 2013 3.5 QS STAKEHOLDERS . —_-- The Kodiak Island Borough GIS stakeholder community includes internal and external governmental agencies, nonprofit groups, businesses, and the general public.The various stakeholders have diverse GIS data, application,and service needs,which merit consideration in order to provide effective regional GIS resource management and informed decision making (Frederick County Government, 2011:7). : Assembly city of Kodiak AK DOT Afognak Native Internet mapping Corporation applications Manager's Office city of Ouz'mkle usFws Leisnol Data downloads Clerk's Department city of Akhiok ADFG Koniag,Inc Digital and hardcopy maps Finance Department City of Larsen Bay usss Sunaq Tribe of Kodiak Community City"fv^,|"k USCG Realtors Development Department mo|",e,i"o/mmlies city of Old Harbor DNR Department Assessing City of Port Lions BIM Department IT Department Alaska Mapped Emergency Services Parks and Recreation Committee 8 Maya Daunts GIS Analyst October 2013 4. OBJECTIVES AND GOALS 4.1.DEVELOP THE QUALITY OF GIS DATA AND SERVICES 4.1.1. INCREASE THE ACCURACY OF GIS DATA LAYERS Identify GIS data layers that require higher accuracies for stakeholder use and application development and formulate a plan to achieve those accuracies. Goals • Audit and rebuild cadastral (parcel) data by correcting the geometry of the parcels, ensuring the accurate geographic location of the parcels, and auditing the join between the parcels and the Property IDs generated in PACS. • Integrate hydrography data among NHO, ADFG's anadromous waters catalog,and the Borough's internal hydrography data. • Improve address data by creating address points in place of annotation, using geocoding to document an address range for each street.Also assign each address a unique ID. • Improve street centerline data by integrating Borough data with the most current AK DOT street centerline data. • Audit zoning ordinances to create a comprehensive zoning layer for the Borough. • Audit the lot layer to ensure it is accurate and up-to-date. 4.1.2. DEVELOP TOOLS AND WORKFLOWS TO IMPROVE GIS DATA Develop tools and workflows to improve GIS data layers, the production of maps, and the organization and distribution of data. Goals • Use scripts or models to automate a process wherein GIS databases are updated nightly to reflect daily changes to data. • Use scripts or models to automate a process wherein web mapping applications are updated nightly to reflect daily changes to data. • Use scripts or models to automate a workflow where parcel data is joined with the latest version of PACS data on a nightly basis. • Develop workflows to publish standard, static map products as web mapping applications using Esri's ArcGIS Online for Organizations. 9 Maya Daurio GIS Analyst October 2013 4.2. EXPAND ACCESS TO GIS 4.2.1. DEVELOP NEW GIS DATA LAYERS Identify GIS data layers that are necessary to meet GIS stakeholder needs and enable provision of additional services. Goals • Create a data layer inventory to identify and document what data we have. • Acquire aerial and satellite imagery on a regular basis as identified in the Imagery Acquisition Proposal (Daurio, 2013)and prioritized in the Borough's strategic plan (Kodiak Island Borough, 2013: 8-10). • Use a GPS to map fire hydrants in all municipalities of the Borough. • Acquire and map utility information for all municipalities of the Borough as well as the Coast Guard Base. • Use LiDAR or feature extraction or digitizing to create a building footprint layer to aid in assessing and other applications. • Create an Emergency Service Zone layer for use in emergencies and in preparation for Next Gen 9-1-1. • Densify and document the control point network and publish to a web mapping application. • Create a lot layer exported from the parcel fabric and publish to a web mapping application. 4.2.2. DEVELOP ADDITIONAL WEB MAPPING APPLICATIONS Goals Implement the development of web mapping applications to increase external and internal user access to data and services maintained in GIS. • Enhance the current Kodiak Island Borough GIS website by adding additional layers such as streets and creating additional query capabilities. • Use Esri's ArcGIS Online for Organizations and their templates to create a GIS website. • Migrate relevant data to Esri's Local Government Information Model geodatabase. • Use Esri's Local Government Information Model map and app templates to publish utility, land records, elections, fire service, law enforcement, emergency management,planning and development, facilities, address, and public works maps as web mapping and mobile applications. 10 Maya Oaurio GIS Analyst October 2013 4.3. DEVELOP A GIS SYSTEM INFRASTRUCTURE 4.3.1. DEVELOP STORAGE AND MULTI-USER INFRASTRUCTURE Research and develop a plan to store, access, and manage spatial data within a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS). Goals • Research the advantages and disadvantages of ArcSDE to manage relationships between spatial data and the RDBMS, multiuser functionality, and versioned editing. 4.4.PROMOTE GIS STANDARDS AND BEST PRACTICES 4.4.1. DEVELOP A DATA FILING STRUCTURE Identify an appropriate data filing structure for vector and raster data. Goals • Consult the proposed data filing structure in the Borough's 2004 GIS Needs Assessment (Alaska Map Science, 2004: 37)to determine its relevance and appropriateness. • Create multiple databases to store read-only production data, editable core layers, editable non-core layers, and raster data, respectively. 4.4.2. DEVELOP AND MANAGE GEDSPATIAL DATA USING STANDARDS AND BEST PRACTICES Follow existing,national standards in acquiring,analyzing,and managing data. Goals • Create metadata for all existing data layers and develop a workflow to update the metadata for all new data layers as they are created. • Follow industry and Federal Geographic Data Committee(FGDC)standards in acquiring new imagery and to ensure adequate accuracy. • Use documented, national standards and best practices to guide GIS applications regarding addressing, plat regulations, land records, and natural resource management, among others. 11 Maya Daurio G15 Analyst October 2013 • Use spatial data distribution best practices to publish data in the oldest ArcGIS geodatabse (GDB) version that supports the originally developed functionality, the newest ArcGIS GDB version, as a shapefile,and as a KML for vector data and as a BIL or ASCII file for raster data (Stump, 2013: 2). 12 Maya Daurio GI5 Analyst October 2013 APPENDIX A:SELECTED LIST OF DOWNLOADABLE GIS BASE DATA Data Download Website: http://www.kodiakak.us/index.aspx?NI0=339 � 4=_-,ter ,tUata ._..�:_. _�., ,: « .: 511ei7iyPe''_o�•:E7Rentr: ��:�::°��, Addresses Annotation Block numbers Annotation Lot numbers Annotation City Limits City of Kodiak 2 ft contours Kodiak Urban Area SO ft contours Kodiak Island Borough Emergency Assembly Areas Kodiak Urban Area and Womens Bay Fire Hydrants Kodiak Urban Area Docks Kodiak Urban Area Landfill Greenbelt n/a Tsunami sirens Road System Alaska coastline State of Alaska Election Precincts Road System KIB Geographic Names Kodiak Island Borough KIB Selected Geographic Names Kodiak Island Borough _ KIB Boundary Kodiak Island Borough Kle Coastline(also 100&200 ft buffers) Kodiak Island Borough Lakes Kodiak Island Borough Land Use Kodiak Island Borough Parcels Kodiak Island Borough Rivers Kodiak Island Borough Roads Kodiak Island Borough School Attendance Boundaries Kodiak Urban Area Schools Kodiak Urban Area and Coast Guard Base Sections Kodiak Island Borough Streams Kodiak Island Borough Subdivisions Kodiak Island Borough Townships Kodiak Island Borough Unconstructed ROWs Kodiak Urban Area Zoning Kodiak Island Borough 13 Maya Daurio G15 Analyst October 2013 APPENDIX B:SELECTED PUBLICLY AVAILABLE PRINTED MAPS . ."" rMAPTIT 4 17, 71—ti, o{GOSTE `'C 5 Kodiak Urban Area Zoning Map 36"x 84" $21.00 Kodiak Urban Area Mapbook $20.00 Womens Bay Mapbook $20.00 Kodiak Urban Area Address Map 36"x 84" $21.00 Village Profile Maps 24 x 36 (20) $120.00(Ind.$6) Marine Topo Map 36"x60" $30.00 Bathymetric Topo Map 36"x60" $30.00 Marine Topo Map 21.5"x36" $10.50 Bathymetric Topo Map 21.5"x36" $10.50 Kodiak Urban Area and Womens Bay 24"x48" $8.00 Street Map Kodiak Island Borough Election 36"x72" $18.00 Precinct Map 14 Maya Daurio GIS Analyst October 2013 REFERENCES Alaska Map Science.Kodiak Island Borough GIS Needs Assessment Report.Anchorage: Alaska Map Science, 2004.Print. Alaska Mapped.Alaska Geospotial Strategic Plan. Fairbanks: University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2012.Web. 30 Sep. 2013. Applied Geographics, Inc.Strategic Plan Guidelines. Washington,DC; United State Geological Survey, 2009. Web.30 Sep. 2013. Daurio, Maya.Kodiak Island Borough Imagery Acquisition Proposal. Kodiak: Kodiak Island Borough, 2013. Print. Financial and Information Services Department. Geographic Information System(GIS)Strategic Plan. Tigard: City of Tigard,2006.Web 02 Oct. 2013. Frederick County Government. Geographic Information Systems Strategic Plan 2011.2015. Frederick: Frederick County Government, 2011.Web.02 Oct. 2013. Geographic Technologies Group, Inc. Geographic Information System Strategic Plan. Spotsylvania: Spotsylvania County, 2005.Web.03 Oct. 2013. Kodiak Island Borough.Kodiak Island Borough Strategic Plan(Fiscal Years 2013-2017). Kodiak: Kodiak Island Borough, 2013. Print. Krucoff, Barney. GIS Strategic Plan.Washington, DC: Office of the Chief Technology Officer, 2008.Web. 30 Sep. 2013. Palmer, Gary. The Town of Farrogut Tennessee Geographic Information System Services Strategic Plan FY 2010-2011. Farragut:The Town of Farragut Tennessee, 2010.Web. 30 Sep. 2013. Leach,Tim. Proposal to Create an Enterprise GIS Strategic Plan.Spokane:Tim Leach GIS, 11C, 2008.Web. 30 Sep. 2013. State of Alaska Geographic Information Advisory Committee. Geographic Information System Strategic Plan.Juneau:Office of the Lt. Governor, 2000. Web.03 Oct. 2013. Stump, Chris.Best Practices and Standards:Spatial Data Distribution. Helena: Montana Association of Geographic Information Professionals, 2013. Web. 09 Oct. 2013. Woolpert, Inc. GIS Strategic Plan. Kirkland: City of Kirkland, 2005,Web. 02 Oct. 2013. 15 Maya Daurio GIS Analyst October 2013 Jessica Kilborn Subject: FW: alternatives to clearcutting Forwarded message From: Deal, Robert-FS <rdeal0),,fs.fed.us> Date: Fri, Nov 22, 2013 at 2:01 PM Subject: RE: alternatives to clearcutting To: Aaron Griffin <a2riftin 1977gmail.com> Aaron, thanks for your message and I will give this some more thought and discuss approval with my program manager as appropriate. Here are some quick comments. • Normally, this kind of a trip might be able to qualify for a professional consultation as part of what we call "technology transfer" and potentially covered as part of my regular duties. However,we are under travel restriction right now thru January 15 (Continuing Resolution) and travel and funding is expected to be tight for the rest of the fiscal year(thru September 30, 2014). I would probably need to have my travel costs (airline and living expenses) paid if I was to consider trip. My time, however, could be paid for as a research forester for USFS. • I would not be able to receive a stipend for consultation as a government employee. Even if only travel costs were covered I would need a letter of invitation and then approval from USDA ethics office to ensure there is not conflict of interest. This takes a few weeks for approval. • Giving some presentations and writing a short report is a reasonable request. This might make it easier for me to justify trip on my end as well. • I think best time would be later in spring or early summer. I'm not sure of best time to see area but better if we can look at forest and understory to get a better assessment of forest resources. I would defer to your judgment for best time to visit but probably not in winter. We might discuss again later this winter. I would be happy to set up a conference call with others if that would be useful. Also, if this develops into a serious proposal, it would be helpful to get some inventory data,forest stand exam or forest information on project area. We can discuss more on this later. Hope this helps. Cheers Bob Dr. Robert L. Deal Research Forester and Ecosystem Services Team Leader USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station 620 SW Main Street Portland OR 97205 E-mail: rdeal @fs.fed.us WK: (503)808-2015, cell: (971) 279-9987 From: Aaron Griffin [mailto:agriffin1977 @gmail.com] Sent: Friday, November 22, 2013 1:31 PM To: Deal, Robert-FS Subject: Re: alternatives to clearcutting Bob. I've had the initial conversation with my other Assembly members regarding having you come up and actually take a look and give us your opinion on our forested areas. We're looking at trying to get the native corporations that own harvest-able land to possibly come and listen at the same time. There were a few questions they had though which I didn't have the answer for and will need to iron out. I. Regarding your employment with the Forest Service, would a trip here be able to qualify as a form of permissible TDY for your employment purposes? Do we need to make a formal request for your opinion through some form of official channels. 2. You and I chatted about performing an informational presentation on your alternative findings. The assembly is looking for your professional opinion, and I think their intention is to horse trade the cost of the trip in exchange for some form of written report and recommendation. I am unsure if you've entered into any such agreement in the past or if that's even permissible in your current position with the forest service. 3. The idea of compensation beyond payment for the trip came up, and the confusion of needing a professional service contract etc. Which then led to the problem of sole sourcing versus placing out to bid. (I'm not sure what we'd be placing out for bid though...professional opinion?) 4. When you come up, what season would be most beneficial for actually taking a look at the stands? Winter access may be an issue, though there's very few 4 wheeler trails in our main 800 acre area. I think there would be more hiking than anything. Roads are maintained well into the current native corp harvest area. To summarize, the idea of bringing you up has traction, and I'm almost certain we're going to accomplish this, we just need to work out the details. • Thanks again and looking forward to hearing from you. Aaron 2 From: Nova Javier To: JesSae Kilburn'Anaela MarKervie Subject: FW:Regarding alternatives to clearcutting Date: Monday,November 04,2013 11:41:00 AM Attachments: rifr 2no1 odf article odf 2002 Forestry partial cutting odf From:Aaron Griffin [mailto:agriffn1977 @gmail.com] Sent:Monday,November 04,2013 11:15 AM To:Nova Javier;Bud Cassidy Subject: Regarding alternatives to clearcutting Nova, Please disseminate to my fellow assembly members. To all. I had the pleasure this past Thursday of speaking with Dr. Bob Deal,a specialist who works for the U.S. Forest Service and did a good portion of his PhD research on alternatives to clear cutting(even aged management)in Sitka Spruce/Hemlock forests. Attached is a good portion of the research summary regarding the options for economical han'esting and the regrowth potential. The cliff notes really are that clear cutting isn't the only option and there are many alternatives that leave a healthy ecosystem and character of the forest in place,while still garnering a profitable harvest from a stand. Dr. Deal expressed his willingness to visit Kodiak and perform a standing survey of our forested regions and then report to the Assembly. I believe having a 3rd party opinion on how to handle our valuable resource is of clear importance and I'd like to propose discussion of the expense in our next work session. Please call me if you have any questions. Aaron Fwd: Aaron,nice chatting with you today. In summary,there are a number of assumptions that people make about even-age forestry that has been applied from the Pacific Northwest region of Washington and Oregon that do not apply to rainforests of Alaska. For instance Sitka spruce will regenerate and thrive use partial han'esting or selection cutting and assumptions about the vigor of new forests, increase in disease etc.were not based on solid science. Without actually seeing your particular forest stand I am speculating myself but I spent nearly 20 years working in Sitka Spruce/western hemlock stands in SE Alaska and am an expert in this forest type and I truly believe there are options to just clearcutting and even-aged management that do a much better job of maintaining forest ecosystems and biodiversity. I have attached a few publications that you might look over. I would also be willing to send a powerpoint presentation or give a presentation and/or look at the forest in question and give you my professional assessment. The biggest question would be for you and the Kodiak bureau to determine what your objectives are for this forest. The economics certainly would favor a simple prescription of clearcutting and even-aged management but if other considerations are important then there certainly are some options. I would he happy to discuss this with you in the future. Best regards Bob Deal P.S. The most straightforward publication is the 2002 Forestry pub but other articles provide more details. The CJFR 2001 paper has been cited nearly a hundred times in peer-refereed journals and is based on my PhD work in Alaska. Dr. Robert L. Deal Research Forester and Ecosystem Services Team Leader USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station 620 SW Main Street Portland OR 97205 E-mail:Ideal Tt fs fed us WK:0031 808-7015.cell:(971)279-9987 13 Deal (jr/dl 8/30/02 8:47 AN Page 425 Developing silvicultural systems based on partial cutting in western hemlock—Sitka spruce stands of southeast Alaska ROBERT L. DEAL',JOHN C. TAPPEINER2 AND PAUL E. HENNON3 USDA Forest Service,PNW Research Station,620 SW Main St,Portland,OR 97205,USA 2 College of Forestry,Oregon State University,Corvallis,OR 97331,USA 3 USDA Forest Service,State and Private Forestry and PNW Research Station,2770 Sherwood Lane,Juneau,AK 99801,USA Summary .n. The effects of partial cutting on species composition,stand structure and growth,tree size distribution,and tree disease and mortality were evaluated on 73 plots in 18 stands that were harvested 12-96 years ago in southeast Alaska. Partially-cut stands had diverse and highly complex stand structures similar to uncut stands. Sitka spruce was maintained in mixed hemlock—spruce stands over a wide range of cutting intensities.Analysis of the data did not detect significant changes in tree species composition,stand growth, hemlock-dwarf mistletoe infection and incidence of tree wounding or mortality rates with partial cuts.Si lviculnual systems using partial cutting could provide a sustainable timber resource including more valuable spruce trees,while also maintaining stand structural diversity and old-growth characteristics. Introduction limiting factor for regeneration,wildfires are rare and wind-caused disturbances are common Southeast Alaska is a temperate rainforest with (Harris, 1989; Nowacki and Kramer, 1998).The simple tree composition but complex forest age natural disturbance regime in southeast Alaska is and size structure. The predominant tree species, characterized by high-frequency, low-magnitude Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Cart) and disturbance events resulting in complex multi- western hemlock (Tsuga beterophylla (Raf.) aged or uneven-aged stands (Brady and Hanley, Sarg.), together comprise over 90 per cent of the 1984; Deal et al., 1991; Nowacki and Kramer, region's total growing stock volume (Hutchison, 1998). 1967). Abundant precipitation occurs through- Recent interest in old-growth forests (Franklin out the year along with occasional hurricane- et al., 1981; Lertzman and Krebs, 1991;Acker et force winds. The significance of this climate for al., 1998) and biodiversity (Wilson, 1988; the forest is that moisture is generally not a Hansen et al., 1991; Grime, 1997; Angelstam, ©Ironmry of Chancre d Fomaun,2002 Forestry,vol.75,No.4,2002 13 need ijr/d) 8130102 8:47 AM Page 426 426 FORESTRY 1998) has led to increasing emphasis on forest (2) only one partial cutting; (3) a wide range of management practices that accelerate the cutting intensities at each site,including an uncut development of late-successional and old-growth area; (4) uniform topography, soils and forest forest characteristics. Silvicultural systems that type. All research sites were within 2 km of the provide for sustainable wood production and the nearest shoreline and less than 100 m in eleva- protection of other forest values are currently tion.At each site we located an uncut control and being evaluated in southeast Alaska(McClellan et generally three partially cut areas (light,medium, al.,2000;Deal,2001;Deal and Tappeiner,2002). heavy) and installed 0.2 ha plots in each cutting Clearcutting with natural regeneration has been intensity area with a total of 73 overstorey plots the predominant timber management practice in (each of 0.2 ha) installed in 18 stands (Table 1). the western hemlock—Sitka spruce forest type of southeast Alaska.Thus, little is known about the Stand structure and growth use of silvicultural systems that use partial cutting and their effects on stand dynamics, stand To characterize current stand structure, we regeneration and growth, tree disease and mot recorded the tree diameter at 1.3 m (diameter at tality. breast height; d.b.h.), height, crown class and Major silvicultural concerns with partial species of all live trees greater than 2.5 cm d.b.h., cutting have previously been reported(Harris and and species, d.b.h. and decay class for each Farr, 1974); however, most of these concerns are stump.On each plot,we reconstructed basal area speculative or based on research done in other of cut trees from stump diameter and took incre- regions. In this paper we assess the effects of ment cores from 10-20 trees of each species and partial cutting in 18 stands throughout southeast crown class to determine age, basal area growth Alaska and evaluate the following concerns with and cutting date for each stand.We reconstructed partial cutting: stand structure, basal area, species composition 1 Partial cutting will increase the more shade- and cutting intensity for each plot(Table 1) using tolerant western hemlock and reduce the less sue- specific regression equations (Deal and tolerant and more valuable Sitka spruce. Tappehner,2002). New trees were defined as new 2 Trees left after partial cutting will be of low regeneration and trees shorter than 1.3 m at time of cutting vigour and value because of decay from logging , and residual trees were at least 1.3 m damage and spread of hemlock dwarf mistle- tall at date of cutting. We blocked by site, and toe (Arceutbobinnz tsuyeuse). compared differences in tree species composition, 3 Partial cutting will result in windthrow of tree-age cohorts and stand growth between cut residual trees. and uncut plots using contrast analysis(Deal and Tappeiner, 2002). Tree radial growth increments were used to investigate the effects of partial cutting on the growth of hemlock and spruce Methods trees, and the size and growth of new and resid- Study areas ual trees. Partial cutting of beach-fringe forests was a common practice in southeast Alaska from 1900 to 1950. Large Sitka spruce trees were often cut Hemlock dwarf mistletoe, tree wounding and for sawtimber or pole-sized western hemlock tree mortality trees were harvested for piling,resulting in stands Each hemlock tree was rated for degree of dwarf with variable density, size and species composi- mistletoe infection, using an index of 0-6 as tion. Eighteen sites were selected in 1995 and described by Hawksworth (1977). Bole wounds 1996 to sample a range of time since cutting and determined to have occurred at cutting date or intensity of cutting throughout southeast Alaska afterwards were recorded (P. Palkovic, unpuh- (Figure 1) using the following criteria: (I) range lished data).For each dead tree>25 cm d.b.h.,we of`time-since-cutting' from 10 to 100 years ago; recorded d.b.h., species, decay class and status 1 13 Deal (jr/dI 8/30/02 8:47 AM Page 427 HY- SILVICULTURE IN WESTERN HEMLOCK-SITKA SPRUCE STANDS 427 l; r {ci 4,.-- , �= �uncau -, i2Ls, j ,.. %'\, A c,tiBJ in .t:.,%L ' I I,: CP4 =�,J °. to -. PBA`JIB 1 Suka's ''0 �t JFt'i it s r--.1 \Ccr .44 HS x s:GR� A Aushk n •Study site .1 t c 7 u ''P „ \V d 04 sK �\Y % t 1 i� + kin &-N 3^r afPt , \ li �• lit 5 4-4:-,..411 '41451i:1„ 4 .C`/ ,. Figure 1. The 18 study sites in southeast Alaska. See Table 1 for definition of site codes. (uprooted,standing dead or broken bole). Stump Results and discussion and log decay classes and estimated time since T r ex species composition death for hemlock and spruce are reported elsewhere (Henson et al., 2002). Only trees that Partial cutting had little effect on tree species we determined to have died after partial cutting composition. We found no significant difference were used in reconstructing tree mortality.Analy- between cut and uncut plots in either the propor- sis of variance with site as a blocking independent tion of western hemlock trees(P= 0.84)or Sitka variable was used to test for differences in dwarf spruce trees (P = 0.46). The proportion of Sitka mistletoe rating,and the incidence of tree wound- spruce trees averaged 17 per cent in the cut plots ing and mortality between uncut and cut plots. and 15 per cent in the uncut plots. The propor- Regression analysis tested for correlation between tion of spruce trees and basal area increased these variables and the intensity of cutting (i.e. slightly with increasing cutting intensity, but percentage basal area removed). Tests were cutting intensity explained only 3-5 per cent of conducted for both understorey and overstorey the variation in tree-species proportion.We found trees. no significant relation between cutting intensity i ta a, a co Table L Descriptions of research sites listed from the oldest to most recently cut site Al m Cutting intensity Current stand" composition and site inform a J Basal area �3 Basal All Siret ,u Cutting dare Cur Cut Left area trees Picea Tsuga Other l Forest Elevation indexsit w Research site (year) (%) (m2 ha-l) (m2 ha-1) (nt2 ha-1) (trees ha-1) (`7) (%) (%) rype (n) (in) in to WC:Weasel Cove 1900 17-51 9-23 22-45 53-75 450-1220 0-24 67-00 0-17 Picea 30 24 m GI':Glass Peninsula 1911 23-69 15-41 17-47 60-84 147-397 11-34 28-83 0-49 Picea 20 29 FB:Florence Bay 1914 50-57 33-38 26-38 56-83 120-360 18-75 25-82 0 Picea 10 32 PB:Portage Bay 1918 26-65 7-28 14-25 47-56 459-1202 5-33 67-95 0 Tsuga 35 27 KL: Korlaku Lake 1920 31-63 17-31 18-37 58-13 305-525 5-49 35-95 0-16 Picea 5 32 HB: -anus Bay 1922 49-96 24-85 3-25 56-83 413-1180 6-62 38-94 0 Picea 25 30 5K:Sarka 1925 27-59 14-28 19-37 57-76 467-1163 0-11 89-100 0 Tsuga 60 30 O 'ti El':Elf Point 1927 I7-73 12-36 13-57 42-II 453-1443 2-4 73-96 (I-24 Tsuga 30 24 CP:Came Passage 1927 16-75 9-57 19-4C, 44-66 815-2452 2-13 74-92 6-19 Tsuga 100 27 SR Salt Lake Bay 1928 48-55 28-35 29-31 63-87 158-642 17-73 27-83 0 Picea 10 30 z WH:Winter Harbor 1932 24-38 19-39 56-70 73-95 785-1311 2-33 67-98 0 Picea 5 29 '< FC:Finger Creek 1941 18-41 11-33 44-51 58-75 331-522 5-60 40-95 0 Tsuga 5 30 RF:Rainbow Falls 1942 34-61 15-25 16-29 44-66 348-1108 0-28 63-100 0-10 Picea 20 27 MB: Margarita Bay 1958 23-83 9-48 10-30 41-63 694-2695 4-24 76-96 0 Tsuga 20 30 BB: Big Bear Creek 1958 17-36 9-27 47-63 53-79 270-754 15-47 53-85 0 Picea 20 23 PV: Pavlof River 1977 36-58 21-43 31-47 37-69 288-823 4-29 42-96 0-46 Picea 20 30 GIL:Granite 1983 18-86 9-51 9-50 13-70 368-1440 0-7 93-100 0 Tsuga 30 27 TB:Thomas Bay 1984 20-29 18-19 42-77 49-70 237-766 1-17 83-99 II Lugo I5 30 The cutting intensity data is the range for the partially cut plots at each site.The current stand data include the range of both uncut and cur plots at each site.The forest rype is the major oversrorey tree species at each site. "Stand data for trees and basal area includes all trees that are at least 2.5 cm d.b.h. I The other minor species include western red cedar(Tbuja plicata Donn ex D. Don),yellow cedar(Cbaamecyparis uootkatensis (D. Don) Spach),red alder(Maus rubric Bong.),and mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensimm(Bong.) Carr.). I Potential site index,base age 50, height in metres. 13 Deal (jr/d) 8/30/02 8:47 AM Page 429 SILVICULTURE IN WESTERN IIEA1LOCK-SITKA SPRUCE STANDS 429 and the proportion of either spruce or hemlock was similar to the stands before cutting, with an trees(P=0.42 and 0.72,respectively)or the pro- average of 16, 29 and 81 trees ha-1 in the A-, B- portion of spruce and hemlock basal area and C-classes,respectively(Figure 2).The current (1' = 0.69 and 0.28, respectively). stands had slightly more trees in class C(+17 trees The results of this study show that the estab- ha-1) and slightly fewer trees in 13 (-3 trees ha-I) lishment of new regeneration and the growth of and A (-3 trees ha-I) classes than the stands residual trees of both hemlock and spruce can before cutting, but no significant differences were maintain species composition similar to that of found in the frequency of trees for any diameter study plots before cutting.New regeneration was class (P = 0.20, 0.40 and 0.42, respectively). generally plentiful on cut plots,and cutting more Sitka spruce diameter growth was slightly than 50 per cent of the stand basal area always greater than western hemlock growth for all tree- led to the establishment of new regeneration diameter classes, but growth differences between (Deal and Tappeiner, 2002). New cohort spruce species were not statistically significant(P>0.05) trees were found on 44 per cent of the cut plots for any diameter class. Residual trees of both and on only 11 per cent of the uncut plots.These species in all size classes increased diameter results indicate that partial cutting can generally growth after cutting. The current stand basal enable tree regeneration and, contrary to some area, tree species composition and stand growth other opinions (e.g. Andersen, 1955),spruce will for all cutting intensities was strongly related to in fact regenerate after partial cutting.Our results trees left after harvest. These results are contrary indicate that silvicultural systems using partial to conventional thinking about partial cutting in cutting can successfully maintain spruce in mixed southeast Alaska, where residual trees are western hemlock-Sitka spruce forests in south- assumed to be of poor quality and low vigour. In east Alaska. this study, we found that these small advance regeneration and larger residual trees responded Stand structure and growth with rapid and sustained growth after overstorey removal and became a major part of the current Most trees cut were large-diameter spruce trees, stand. and more residual hemlock than residual spruce +- trees were left in almost all plots. However, after cutting,there were usually some large trees left in Hemlock dwarf mistletoe, tree wounding and the stand. The number of trees of all species left DIOrtolity after cutting in diameter class A (>100 cm), B Dwarf mistletoe levels did not differ significantly (71-100 cm) and C (41-70 cm) averaged 7, 14 between cut and uncut plots for overstorey or and 43 trees ha-', respectively (Figure 2). Before understorey hemlock trees (Table 2), but there cutting, an average of 18, 32 and 64 trees ha ' was a tendency towards less dwarf mistletoe with were in these diameter classes, and we found higher cutting intensities. Dwarf mistletoe infec- significant differences (P < 0.01) between stands tion averaged a rating of 1.0 (maximum of 6.0) before and after cutting in the number of A-, B- in partially cut stands, a level where the disease and C-class trees. After 60 years, however, the would be expected to cause little or no growth number of trees of all species in these size classes loss or tree mortality (Smith, 1969; Thompson m--_ Y I ❑Aker cutting ❑Current stand F ['Before cutting) n-rg 'I" Diameter at breast height Icml Figure 2. The numbers of trees per hectare by size classes in the partially cut plots before and immediately after cutting,and in the current stand 60 years after cutting. Vertical lines represent standard errors. 13 Deal (jr/d1 8/30/02 8:49 x3t Page 430 430 FORESTRY Table 2: Levels of disease,wounding,mortality,and type of tree death in uncut and partially cut plots. Values are means with ranges in parentheses Dwarf mistletoet Bole wounding Dead trees Uprooted trees (index=0 to 6) (%trees wounded) (%) (%of dead) Overstorey trees' Cut plots 1.5(0-3.5) 17(0-30)' 27(5-55) 37(16-77) Uncut plots 1.7(0-4.2) 10(0-47)* 22(5-56) 28(0-50) Understorey trees an plots 0.8(0-1.8) 7(0-25) 5 (0-25) NAl Uncut plots 1.2(0-4.1) 15(0-100) 14(0-100) NA9 All trees Cur plots 1.0(0-2.2) 1 1 (4-30) 15(4-30) 35(16-77) Uncut plots 1.4(0-3.5) 11 (0-26) 17(6-40) 30(0-50) " Denotes values are significantly different(P<0.051. I Only western hemlock was included in analysis for this factor. 1 Trees that were 25 cm d.b.h. or larger at the date of cutting. i Trees that were smaller than 25 cm d.b.h.or not yet present in stand at the dare of cutting. 9 Sample size was too small at most sites for analysis. et al., 1985). Thus, dwarf mistletoe was main- windthrow is on exposed south-facing ridges and tamed but was not eliminated, as frequently hill slopes (Harris, 1989; Nowacki and Kramer, occurs following clearcutti ng. 1998). Thus, our results may underestimate the Overstorey trees had significantly greater inci- severity of wind-damage risk in some landscape deuce of wounding (P = 0.04) in cut than uncut settings. Managers concerned about windthrow plots (Table 2) and wounding increased with should consider wind exposure (Kramer et al., intensity of cutting (P = 0.03). Many wounds 2001) when designing partial cutting treatments. could not be attributed to logging, however, as falling trees and porcupine damage were other causal factors on some sires. For trees of all sizes, mortality was not signifi- Conclusion cantly different(P=0.32) between cut and uncut The stands we studied were cut to provide specific plots.The fate of large residual trees is of particu- wood products. Cutting occurred without a lar interest because of concern about windthrow: planned silvicultural system and little effort was the percentage of dead large residual trees in cut taken to ensure spruce regeneration, encourage plots (27 per cent) was not significantly different stand growth, control or reduce tree damage (P=0.11)than in uncut plots(22 per cent)(Table agents, or maintain the complex stand structures 2).Of large residual trees that died, an average of found in old-growth forests. Nevertheless Sitka 37 per cent and 28 per cent, respectively, Wed spruce was maintained in these stands and we did through uprooting in partially cut and uncut plots not detect any significant changes in tree species (Table 2);the remainder died standing or by bole composition, stand growth and vigour, rates of breakage. Windthrow did not significantly hemlock dwarf mistletoe infection, and incidence increase after partial cutting; indeed,mortality of of tree wounding, decay and windthrow mortal- residual trees was only marginally higher in par- ity with partial cuts. Stand structural diversity, tially cut than in uncut stands. For residual trees and plant diversity and abundance were much that died,the higher rate of uprooting associated greater in partially cut stands than in young- with cutting does suggest that wind has an growth stands developing after clearcurting increased role in tree death. The beach-fringe (Deal, 2001). Our results indicate that new silvi- stands we studied have a low risk of wind cultural systems that use partial cutting could damage; in southeast Alaska the greatest risk of alleviate some of the problems associated with 13 Deal (jr/c1) 8/30/02 8:47 AM Page 431 SILVICULTURE IN WESTERN FIEMLOCK-SITKA SPRUCE STANDS 431 conventional clearcutting in southeast Alaska, Harris,A.S.and Farr,W.A. 1974 The Forest Ecosystem while also providing a sustainable timber of Southeast Alaska. 7: Forest Ecology and Timber resource Management.USDA Forest Service,General Techni- cal Report PNW-25, 109 pp. Hawksworth, F.G. 1977 The 6-class Dwarf Mistletoe References Rating System. USDA Forest Service, General Tech- ideal Report RM-48,7 pp. Acker,S.A.,Sabin,T.E.,Ganio,L.M.and McKee,W.A. Henson,P.E., McClellan, M.H. and Palkovic, R 2002 1998 Development of old-growth structure and Comparing deterioration and ecosystem function of timber volume growth trends in maturing Douglas-fir decay-resistant and decay-susceptible species of dead stands.For. Ecol.Manage. 104,265-280. trees.In Ecology and Management of Dead Wood in Andersen, H.E. 1955 Clearcutting as a silvicultural Western Forests: Proceedings of a Symposium. system in converting old forests to new in southeast P.Shea(ed.).Reno,Nevada,Nov.2-4, 1999.USDA Alaska. Proc.Soc.Am.For. 1955,59-61. Forest Service,General Technical Report PSW-GTR- Angelst.sm,P.K. 1998 Maintaining and restoring biodi- 181 (in press). versiry in European boreal forests by developing Hutchison, O.K. 1967. Alaska's Forest Resource. natural disturbance regimes.J. Veg.Sci.9,593-602. USDA Forest Service, Resource Bulletin PNW-19, Brady,WW.and Hanley,T.A. 1984 The role of disturb- 74 pp. ante in old-growth forests: some theoretical impli- Kramer,M.G.,Hansen,A.J.,Taper,M.L.and Kissinger, cations for southeastern Alaska. In Proceedings of E.J.2001 Abiotic controls on long-tercet windthrow the Symposium: Fish and Wildlife Relationships in disturbance and temperate rain forest dynamics in Old-Growth Forests, 12-15 April 1982. A.K. southeast Alaska. Ecology 82,2749-2768. Juneau, W.R. Meehan, T.R. Merrell Jr and T.A. Lcrrzman,K.P.and Krebs, C.]. 1991 Gap-phase struc- Hanley(eds).American Institute of Fishery Research tore of a subalpine old-growth forest. Can. J. For. Biologists,Morehead City,NC,pp.213-218. Res.21, 1730-1741. Deal,R.L.2001 The effects of partial cutting on forest McClellan,M.H.,Swanston,D.N.,Henson,P.E.,Deal, plant communities of western hemlock-Sitka spruce R.L.,De Santo,T.L.and Wipfli,M.S.2000.Altenm- stands in southeast Alaska. Can. J. For. Res. 31, tines to Clearcutting in the Old-Growth Forests of 2067-2079. Southeast Alaska: Study Plan and Establishment Deal, R.L., Oliver, C.D. and Bormann, R.T. 1991 Report. USDA Forest Service, General Technical Reconstruction of mixed hemlock-spruce stands in Report PNW-494,40 pp. coastal southeast Alaska. Can. J. For. Res. 21, Nowacki G.J. and Kramer, M.G. 1998 The effects of 643-654. wind disturbance on temperate rain forest structure Deal, R.I. and Tappeiner, J.C. 2002 The effects of and dynamics of southeast Alaska. In Conservation partial cutting on stand structure and growth of and Resource Assessments for the To Bass Land western hemlock-Sitka spruce stands in southeast Management Plan Revision. C.G. Shaw and K.J.R. Alaska.For. Ecol.Manage. 159)3), 173-186. Julie (eds). USDA Forest Service, General Technical Franklin,J.F.,Ctomack,K.J.,Denison,W.,McKee,A., Report PNW-421,25 pp. Maser,C.,Sedcll,J.,Swanson,F.and Juday,G. 1981 Smith,R.B. 1969 Assessing dwarf mistletoe on western Ecological Characteristics of Old-growth Douglas- hemlock. For.Sci. 15)3),277-285. fir Forests. USDA Forest Service General Technical Thompson, A.J., Alfaro, R.I., Bloomberg, W.J. and Report PNW-118,48 pp. Smith, R.B. 1983 Impact of dwarf mistletoe on the Grime,J.P. 1997 Biodiversiry and ecosystem function: growth of western hemlock trees having different the debate deepens.Science 277, 1260-1261. • patterns of suppression and release. Can.J. For Res. Hansen, A.J., Spies,T.A., Swanson, F.J. and Ohmann, 15,665-668. J.L. 1991 Conserving biodiversity in managed Wilson,E.O. 1988 The current state of biodiversity.In forests: lessons from natural forests. Bioscience Biodiversity. E.O. Wilson (ed). National Academy 41(6),382-392. Press,Washington,DC,pp.3-18. Harris, A.S. 1989 Wind in the Forests of Southeast Alaska and Guides for Reducing Damage. USDA Forest Service,General Technical Report PNW-244, 63 pp. Received?????? ?? 13 Deal (jr/d( 8/30/02 8:47 AM Page 432 w OkPO � f Forest Ecology �t�: and Management ELSEVIER Forest Ecology and Management 5486(2001) 1-14 www.elseviencomilocate/foreco The effects of partial cutting on stand structure and growth of western hemlock—Sitka spruce stands in southeast Alaska Robert L. Deala.*, John C. Tappeinerb 'USDA Forest Service, PNIE Research Station, 2770 Sherwood Lane, Juneau,AK 99801, USA °USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; and College of Forestry, Oregon Slate University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Received 9 September 2000:accepted I I December 2000 Abstract The effects of partial cutting on species composition, new and residual-tree cohorts, tree size distribution,and tree growth was evaluated on 73 plots in 18 stands throughout southeast Alaska. These partially cut stands were harvested 12-96 years ago, when 16-96% of the former stand basal area was removed. Partial cutting maintained stand structures similar to uncut old-growth stands. and the cutting had no significant effects on tree species composition.The establishment of new-tree cohorts was positively related to the proportion of basal-area cut.The current stand basal area, tree species composition, and stand growth were significantly related to trees left after harvest (P < 0.001). Trees that were 20-80 cm dbh at the time of cutting had the greatest tree-diameter and basal-area growth and contributed the most to stand growth.Diameter growth of Sitka spruce and western hemlock was similar,and the proportion of stand basal-area growth between species was consistent for different cutting intensities. Concerns about changing tree species composition, lack of spruce regeneration,and greatly reduced stand growth and vigor with partial cuts were largely unsubstantiated.Silvicultural systems based on partial cutting can provide rapidly growing trees for timber production while maintaining complex stand structures with mixtures of spruce and hemlock trees similar to old- growth stands. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Partial cutting: Stand structure;Tree growth: Residual trees; Regeneration: Sitka spruce:Western hemlock; Southeast Alaska 1. Introduction because clearcutting and even-aged management have been used almost exclusively since the early 1950s Recent region-wide forest-management plans in (Farr and Harris, 1971; Harris and Farr, 1974). Before Alaska (Record of Decision, 1997) have prescribed undertaking a widespread shift to partial cutting, guidelines for timber management in southeast Alaska understanding how regeneration, tree growth, and that use alternatives to clearcutting. However, very stand development might occur is essential. In path- little is known about forest management in southeast cular, knowing if Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis Alaska, other than even-aged silvicultural systems, (Bong.) Carr.) can be maintained in mixed hem- lock-spruce stands is important because spruce is much less shade tolerant than western hemlock(Tsuga 'Corresponding author. Present address: USDA Forest Service. )tetel'Op)ty11G (Raf.) Sarg.). PNW Research Station.PO Box 3890,Portland,OR 97208, USA. Tel,: +1-503-808-2015. In southeast Alaska, stand development after major E-mail address:rdeal @fs.fed.us(R.L. Deal). disturbances such as clearcutting follows a clearly 0378-1127/011$-see front matter© 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: 50378-1127(00)00727-1 2 R.L.Deal,J.C. Tappeiner/Larest Ecology mid Management 5486(2001) 1-14 defined pattern; a new cohort of western hemlock and intensities. To assess any potential changes after par- Sitka spruce develops from the establishment of new tial cutting, we studied the establishment and growth seedlings and the release of advance regeneration. of new-tree and residual-tree cohorts, the density and Tree density is high (>10,000 trees ha'), the canopy growth of western hemlock and Sitka spruce trees,and closes in 15-25 years, and a period of stem exclusion the current stand structure and species composition of begins (Oliver, 1981; Alaback, 1982a; Deal et al., partially cut stands. 1991). During this stage of stem exclusion, no new trees regenerate, and other understory vegetation is suppressed for up to 100 years(Alaback, 1982b, 1984; 2. Methods Tappeiner and Alaback, 1989). These dense young- growth stands have uniform tree height and diameter 2.1. Study areas and stand selection distributions and notably lack the multi-layered, diverse structures of old-growth stands. Eighteen stands were selected to sample a range of Small-scale, low-intensity disturbances are com- time since cutting, intensity of cutting and geographic mon in the coastal regions of southeast Alaska (Ala- distribution throughout southeast Alaska. Potential back, 1984; Alaback and Juday, 1989; Hank, 1989: study areas were selected from 200+ sites identified Ott, 1997). The ability of the very shade-tolerant from a variety of sources including USDA Forest western hemlock (Minore, 1979) to release and Service district files, historical records and maps. rapidly grow following overstory removal from Study areas were selected under the following criteria: small-scale disturbances has been documented in a range of time since cutting", with study areas the region (Alaback and Tappeiner, 1991; Deal selected from stands cut at least 10-100 years ago; et al., 1991; Ott, 1997). The response of Sitka spruce stands with only one cutting entry:a partial cut area of to partial overstory removal is unknown, however, at least 10 ha, with an apparent range of cutting spruce's ability to maintain itself in a natural gap- intensities at each site, including an uncut area; rela- phase disturbance regime was reported to he substan- tively uniform topography, soils, forest type and plant tially less than for hemlock (Ott, 1997). Deal et al. associations (climax vegetation-based classification) (1991), however, found that Sitka spruce regenerated within each stand; and distribution throughout the in an all-aged stand with no major disturbances for Tongass National Forest. Research sites were gener- more than 300 years. Studies in other forest types ally near the shoreline, less than 100 m in elevation, suggest that small-scale disturbances such as partial and located throughout southeast Alaska (Fig. 1). cutting often result in stands with multiple canopy layers and complex old-growth stand structures (Lor- 2.2. Plot selection, installation. and measurement imer, 1983; Gottfried, 1992; Lertzman et al., 1996). However, the effects of small-scale disturbances on We thoroughly surveyed each stand to assess and stand structure and species composition in mixed find a range of current stand densities and cutting hemlock—spruce stands in southeast Alaska are not intensities, noting the number and size of cut stumps well understood. and overstory trees. An uncut control and generally Partial cutting of forests was a common practice in three partially cut areas (light, medium, and heavy) southeast Alaska from 1900 to 1950, until pulp mills were located in each stand in 1995 and 1996. Plots were established in the region. Usually, individual were centrally located within each area. A total of 73 Sitka spruce trees were cut for sawtimber, or western 0.2-ha plots were installed in 18 stands. hemlocks were harvested for piling, leaving stands Each 0.2 ha plot contained three circular nested with variable density, species composition, and sizes. plots (0.02, 0.05, and 0.2 ha plots) to sample trees We studied 18 of these stands to determine the effects in different size classes (Deal, 1999). All trees, snags, of partial cutting on species composition,tree age,tree and cut stumps greater or equal to 2.5 cm dbh (1.3 m) size distribution, and tree growth. In particular, we were measured in the 0.02 ha plot. Trees, snags, and sought to determine if spruce can be maintained in stumps greater than 24.9 cm dbh were measured in the these partially cut stands over a wide range of cutting 0.05 ha plot, and trees, snags and stumps greater than R.L. Deal, I..C. Tappeiner/Forest Ecology and Management 5486(2001) 1-14 3 Research Study Areas �t .ice` cevenn it°or,b ti .d^±. Juneau 'cV 1 . Sitka' •'�a ( � yi N{ 1 G r d° g+' iel Ketc n• • Study Site 9� t t —• Si a4 Kilometers 0 75 150 A s3 w,7 t Fig. I. The 18 study sites in southeast Alaska. 49.9 cm dbh were measured in the 0.2 ha plot. These crown class to determine tree age,diameter and basal- plot sizes were chosen to provide 10-20 trees per plot area growth, and cutting date for each stand. in each tree-diameter size class. The 0.02 ha plots had greater variability in tree numbers than the larger 2.3. Procedures for tree-ring data plots, and we added two additional 0.02 ha plots at a random bearing 17 m from plot center in each of the Tree increment cores and stem sections were mea- large 0.2 ha plots to increase sample size and improve sured in the laboratory. Cores were mounted on sample reliability. grooved boards with tracheids perpendicular to the Tree species, crown class, and dbh were measured board surface to provide the best resolution of tree- for all live trees to provide current stand structural ring boundaries (Stokes and Smiley, 1968).Cores and information. Species, dbh, and decay class data were stem sections were sanded, and tree rings were mea- determined for snags to provide information on tree sured under a dissection microscope using the meth- mortality. The diameter of cut stumps at a height of ods of Swetnam et al.(1985).Each tree's radial growth 0.5 m (the highest common stump height) was mea- since time of cutting was calculated. Tree dbh at the sured to determine basal area of cut trees. Increment time of cutting was determined by using radial-width cores or stem sections were taken at breast height from adjustment equations for off-center cores and species- 10 to 20 trees on each plot for each tree species and specific bark thickness equations (Deal, 1999). 4 Rd- Deal, J.C. Tappeiner/Forest Ecology and Management 5486(2001) 1-14 2.4. Determination of cutting date and cutting at the dale of cutting.Periodic basal-area mortality per intensity hectare was estimated for each plot. We determined the proportion of stand basal-area The date of cutting was determined by using tree- cut (PROPCUT) for each plot from radial growth analyses (Lutz, 1928; Stephens, 1953; Henry and Swan, 1974; Oliver, 1982; Lorimer, 1985; PROPCUT= CUTBA Bailey and Tappeiner, 1998)and verified by historical RESBA +CUTBA+MORTBA data, if available. Patterns of tree release indicating an x 100 (I) abrupt and sustained increase in growth for at least 10 consecutive years averaging at least 50-100% greater where CUTBA is the stand basal-area cut,RESBA the than the previous 10 years (Lorimer et al., 1988) were live-tree stand basal area at cutting date, and used to determine the date of partial cutting. Of the 12 MORTBA the periodic stand basal-area mortality stands with historical records, nine stands had cutting since the cutting date. We then used the proportion dates match within 1 year of the cutting date deter- of stand basal-area cut as a continuous variable in mined from increase in tree-radial growth. The other regression analyses to analyze changes in tree species three stands, which were cut at least 70 years before composition,tree cohorts,and tree-diameter and stand the study, had unreliable records, and we determined basal-area growth after cutting. cutting dates from tree-radial growth and the onset of callus wound tissue around tree scars caused by log- 2.5. Data analysis ging. We developed stump-to-breast-height equations to To determine the effect of partial cutting on tree predict tree dbh from the stump diameter, by using cohorts,species composition,and stand basal-area and forward stepwise regression analysis (Snedecor and tree-diameter growth, we blocked plots by stand and Cochran, 1980). The basal area of each stump was tested for differences among cut and uncut plots by multiplied by the appropriate plot-expansion factor to using contrast analysis(SAS, 1989). We then blocked determine basal-area cut per hectare for each plot. plots by stand and determined the effect of cutting The diameter at the time of cutting of current live intensity on species composition, tree cohorts, and trees was determined by using increment cores and stand basal-area and tree-diameter growth. stem sections from 986 western hemlock, Sitka Tree cohorts were separated into new-tree cohorts spruce, western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex (new regeneration and trees that were shorter than D. Don), and yellow-cedar trees (Chamaecyparis 1.3 m in height at date of cutting,defined hereafter as nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach). We developed site- C-I trees), and residual-tree cohorts (trees at least specific regression equations to predict dbh at the time 1.3 m tall at date of cutting, defined hereafter as C-2 of cutting for all trees, relating dbh at the time of trees). We used forward stepwise regression analysis cutting to current tree dbh,basal area,species,and plot to relate the proportion of C-I tree density and basal cutting intensity (Deal, 1999). These equations area for both hemlock and spruce on stand variables (p < 0.001)explained 77-99%of the variation in tree including the stand basal-area cut, stand residual dbh at the time of cutting.The basal area of all trees at basal area, proportion of stand basal-area cut and the time of cutting was multiplied by the appropriate residual basal area of different tree species. We plot-expansion factor to determine stand basal area per regressed the proportion of spruce and hemlock tree hectare for each plot at the time of cutting. density and basal area in the current stand, on stand We used snag class and snag age data to determine variables including the stand basal-area cut, stand the snag dbh at cutting date, and then estimated stand residual basal area,proportion of stand basal-area cut mortality since cutting. Each snag was assigned a and residual basal area of different tree species. We decay class, and an average age for each decay class also regressed the proportion of stand basal-area was determined (Hennon et al., 1990; Palkovic, growth for C-I trees in each stand on the previously unpublished data). The live-tree regression equations stated stand variables. We used the arc-sin square- were used for snags,and the snag's dbh was predicted root transformation of proportional data for tree R.L. Deal, J.C. Tappeiner/Eore.st Ecology and Management 5436(2001) 1-14 5 density. basal area and C-1 basal-area growth for all ite). Other stands, however, had higher initial basal analyses. areas and relatively high residual basal areas left after We used trees that had grown for 60 years since cutting (e.g., Winter Harbor), and stands like Kutlaku cutting in I I stands cut 64-96 years ago to determine Lake and Salt Lake Bay had relatively small amounts diameter growth differences between C-I and C-2 of basal-area cut but grew vigorously after cutting western hemlock and Sitka spruce, and between C- (Table 1).We found that the proportion of stand basal- 2 trees of different size classes. Regression models to area cut explained more of the variation in species predict tree dbh 60 years after cutting were developed composition, tree cohort structure, and stand basal- similarly to the models used to predict tree dbh at area growth than either absolute basal-area cut or basal cutting date(Deal, 1999). We compared average tree- area left after cutting. diameter growth by tree size at the time of cutting, using 20 cm diameter classes for C-1 and C-2 trees. 3.2. Density, basal area and species composition of We tested for average diameter growth differences(cut C-I trees vs.uncut plots)for each diameter class,using a paired- sample t-test(a =0.05;Zar. 1996). We also tested for Both density and basal area of C-1 trees were average diameter growth differences between western greater in cut plots than in uncut plots, and both hemlock and Sitka spruce in the partially cut plots for were positively related to cutting intensity. The each diameter class by using a paired-sample t-test, average proportion of C-1 trees in cut plots was z=0.05. 35.0% (S.E. =3.7) and was significantly greater The density and composition of trees in current (p < 0.001) than in the uncut plots (average= stands were analyzed by tree cohort and cutting 12.4%, S.E. =4.1; Fig. 2a). Although the proportion treatment. The frequency of medium (41-70 cm of C-1 trees generally increased with increasing cut- dbh), medium-large (71-100cm dbh) and large ting intensity, .several cut plots had no C-1 trees (100}cm dbh) trees per hectare, were compared (Fig.3a),particularly in lightly cut stands(e.g.,Finger for stands after cutting, before cutting, and in the Creek and Big Bear Creek, Table I). We found a current stand 60 years after cutting. We tested for statistically significant increase (p < 0.001) in the average frequency differences in each diameter class proportion of C-I trees with increasing cutting inten- for stands before cutting, after cutting and in the sity (R'- =0.675 for transformed tree density). The current stand 60 years after cutting using a paired- proportion of C-1 basal area was also significantly sample t-test. greater (p = 0.0002) in the partially cut plots (average=6.3%, S.E. = 1.4) than in uncut plots (average =0.3%, S.E. =0.1). In the current stand, 3. Results the C-2 basal area dominated on all plots, with more than 97%of stand basal area in C-2 trees for plots with 3.1. Cutting date and cutting intensity less than 50% of the basal-area cut (Fig. 2b). The proportion of C-1 basal area also increased with The time from cutting date ranged from 12 years for increasing cutting intensity. The C-I basal area, how- the stands at Thomas Bay and Granite, to 96 years for ever, was a minor component in all the cut plots: even Weasel Cove. Of the 18 stands, 13 were cut between in the heaviest cutting plot(96% basal-area removal), 1900 and 1942 and five stands were cut since 1958 almost half of the current stand basal area was from C- (Table I). The intensity of cutting varied both within 2 trees (Fig. 3h). We found a statistically significant and among stands. Cutting intensity varied from an increase (p < 0.001, R2 =0.634 for transformed absolute basal-area cut of 85 m2 ha—t (96%of original basal area) in the proportion of C-I basal area with basal area), at Banns Bay, to only 7 m2 ha-1 (26% of increasing cutting intensity. original basal area) at Portage Bay (Table I). Some C-1 hemlock trees were consistently more numer- stands had wide ranges in cutting intensity both for the ous than the C-1 spruce trees.C-I hemlock trees were absolute basal-area cut(e.g.,Margarita Bay)and in the found on 78%of the cut plots, and 51%of these plots proportion of basal-area cut (e.g., Elf Point and Gran- had more than 200 C-1 hemlock trees per hectare a Table I Range of cutting intensity and current stand composition for plots at the 18 research sites Research site Cutting intensity' Current stand composition Cutting Basal area Basal area Proportion of C-2 C-2 trees" C-I trees' S date(year) (m2 ha-t) and C-I trees r C Cut(%) Cut Left (% Spruce) (% Hemlock) Spruce Hemlock Spruce Hemlock (m2 ha) (m2 ha t) (trees ha t) (trees ha t) (trees ha t) (trees ha t) h Thongs Bay 1984 20-29 18-19 42-77 49-70 1-17 83-99 5-117 232-617 01-17 0-17 ti Granite 1983 18-86 9-51 9-50 13-70 0-7 93-1110 0-25 190-1970 0-100 0-1250 ro Pavlof River 1977 36-58 21-43 31-47 37-69 4-29 42-96 0-113 230-338 (1-83 0-233 Big Bear Creek 1958 17-36 9-27 47-63 53-79 15-47 53-85 40-202 228-552 0 0-50 a Margarita Bay 1958 23-83 9-48 10-30 41-63 4-24 76-96 42-260 243-947 0-233 283-2117 Rainbow Falls 1942 34-61 15-25 16-29 44-66 0-28 63-100 0-70 110-1060 0-120 0-560 Finger Creek 1941 18-41 11-33 44-51 58-75 5-60 40-95 20-315 207-385 0 0 m 3. Winter Harbor 1932 24-38 19-39 56-70 73-95 2-33 67-98 10-262 240-813 0-17 283-550 Salt Lake Bay 1928 48-55 28-35 29-31 63-87 17-73 27-83 25-115 43-437 0-87 0-167 Ps Canoe Passage 1927 16-75 9-57 19-46 44-66 2-13 74-92 17-161) 153-1945 0-17 0-917 Elf Point 1927 17-73 12-36 13-57 42-116 211 72-96 15-311 200-848 (1-33 1001417 Sarkar 1925 27-59 14-28 19-37 57-76 0-11 89-100 0-30 225-583 0-35 0-933 Hanus Bay 1922 49-96 24-85 3-25 56-83 6-62 38-94 25-105 55-433 0-702 0-393 Kutlaku Lake 1920 31-63 17-31 18-37 58-139 5-49 35-95 15-40 65-205 0-133 42-327 Portage Bay 1918 26-65 7-28 14-25 47-56 5-33 67-95 22-218 303-572 0-183 133-350 at at Florence Bay 1914 50-57 33-38 26-38 56-83 18-75 25-82 25-155 30-205 0-65 0 i Glass Peninsula 1911 23-69 15-41 17-47 60-84 11-34 28-83 35-52 62-290 0-73 0-153 a Weasel Cove 1900 17-51 9-23 22-45 53-75 0-24 67-100 0-217 287-645 0 17-517 0 "Cutting intensity data are only for the partially cut plots. h Current stand data include both uncut and cut plots; stand data for trees and basal area include all trees that are at least 2.5 cm dbh. 1 `C-2 trees were at least 1.3 m tall at date of cutting. d C-I trees include new regeneration and trees shorter than 1.3 m tall at date of cutting. R.L. Deal, J.C. Tappeiner/Forest Ecology and Management 5486 (2001) 1-14 7 a 100 100 • C - 1MlM a (a) • :° 80 @ ` 3 C 80 • • w In ( .es 10 • 17'=0.675 07 60 - g (a) w 60- • • : ♦ •• P<0.001 ............ I— 40- •• • •, • cu ` 20 - •• • f I- 20 . , . ✓ 0 � �, s' o °0 20 40 t 60 80 100 E2 All C-2 trees C1-Hemlock ®Cl-spruce w o 60 a 8100 Ji c m 50 (b) C 80 ow^' _ 6U - �b� G w 3D R'= 0,634 p p<0,001 O 03 (520-° m• CO 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 Uncut 1-25% 26-50% 51-99% Proportion of basal area cut Proportion of basal area cut Fig.3. The proportion of tree density(a)and basal area(b)of C-I Fig.2. The proportion of tree density(a)and basal area(b)in the cohorts in the current Bland, as a function of cutting intensity (or the 55 partially cut plots.The reported R2 stand, by cutting intensity class. The tree cohorts shown 22 and p-values are the arc- current include all the C-2 cohorts' (trees that were at least 13 m tall at sin square-root transformations of proportional data for tree density cutting date), and the spruce and hemlock C-I cohorts new and basal area. regeneration and trees that were shorter than 1.3 n1 in height at cutting date). 1 l%of the uncut plots had C-1 spruce trees,and all of these plots had less than 100 C-1 spruce trees per (Table 2). Many cut plots had more than 500 C-1 hectare(Table 2).Models for predicting the proportion hemlock trees per hectare and two stands(Granite and of C-1 hemlock tree density and basal area were based Margarita Bay)had more than 1000 C-I hemlock trees on the proportion of basal-area cut, and our models per hectare(Table I). The C-1 spruce trees were found explained 65-70% of the variability (Table 3). The on 44% of the cut plots, and 10% of these plots had model for predicting the proportion of C-I spruce tree more than IOU C-1 spruce trees per hectare. More density was based on total stand residual basal area important. C-I spruce trees were four times more and accounted for 56% of the variability. The model frequent in the cut plots than in the uncut plots. Only for predicting the proportion of spruce basal area Table 2 The density and composition of trees of at least 2.5 cm dbh in current stands, expressed as a proportion of treatment plots Density C-2 tree? C-I trees" (trees ha I) Uncut Cut Uncut Cut Spruce Hemlock Spruce Hemlock Spruce Hemlock Spruce Hemlock 0 0 0 15 0 89 61 56 22 1-100 72 6 64 13 II 6 34 22 101-200 22 11 13 18 0 17 5 5 200+ 6 83 9 69 0 17 5 51 C-2 trees were at least 1.3 at tall at date of cutting. C-I trees include new regeneration and trees shorter than 1.3 m tall at date of cutting. 8 R.L. Deal, J.C. Tappeiner/Forest Ecology and Management 5486(2001) 1-14 Table 3 The current stand species composition, tree cohorts, and stand growth regressions fitted to the data to predict the proportion of western hemlock and Sitka spruce tree density and basal area for both C-I and C-2 cohorts,for C-I cohorts,and C-I net basal-area growth in the 55 partially cut plots' Dependent variable n Ru Bt XI B, X2 R2 p C-I and C-2 cohorts Western hemlock Tree density' 55 69.885 0.763 HAIRESBA 0.701 <0.001 Basal area 55 90.643 2.196 IIMRESBA -t.549 TRESBA 0.845 <0.001 Sitka spruce Tree density" 55 23.566 -0.698 HNIRESBA 0.758 <0.001 Basal area` 55 9989 2.207 SPRESBA -0.563 TRESBA 0.845 <0.001 C-1 cohorts Western hemlock Tree density's 55 0.220 0.010 PROPCUT 0.695 <0.00 I Basal area` 55 -0.012 0.004 PROPCUT 0.650 <0.001 Sitka spruce Tree densityd 55 0.210 -0.006 TRESBA 0.555 0.001 Basal area` 55 0.064 0.001 PROPCUT -0.003 TRESBA 0.478 0.089 C-I basal-area growth Net BAGR1 55 0.188 0.004 PROPCUT -0.005 TRESBA 0.644 0.001 a it is the number of observations,Bu the intercept.and Bl and Be the slope coefficients of the regression line.R2 the adjusted coefficient of determination.andp the probability value using the F-statistic.HMRESBA is the hemlock residual basal area left after cutting.SPRESBA the spruce residual basal area left after cutting,TRESBA the total residual basal area for all trees left after cutting.and PROPCUT the proportion of stand basal-area cut. t'The proportion of trees in the stand. The proportion of basal area in the stand. a The arc-sin square-root transformation of the proportion of trees in the stand. The arc-sin square-root transformation of the proportion of basal area in the stand. r The arc-sin square-root transformation of the proportion of net basal-area growth. included both the proportion of basal-area cut and total spruce basal area was somewhat less in the cut plots stand residual basal area; this model explained only (25.3%, S.E. =3.0) compared with 35.4% (S.E. 48% of the variability (Table 3). 5.9) in the uncut plots(p=(1.126),and the proportion of hemlock basal area was 69.3% (S.E. =3.2) in the 3.3. Current tree species composition cut plots and 57.8% (S.E. =6.0) in the uncut plots (p= 0.064). Approximately 6-7%of the basal area in Partial cutting appeared to have little effect on tree uncut and cut plots was in western red cedar and species composition. The proportion of Sitka spruce yellow cedar trees. trees (C-1 and C-2 trees combined) was similar in the The proportions of trees and basal area(C-1 and C-2 cut (average= 17.5%, S.E. =2.4) and uncut plots trees combined) in Sitka spruce and western hemlock (average = 15.2%, S.E. =4.4, and the proportion were not closely related to cutting intensity. The of western hemlock trees was 78.8% (S.E. = 2.7) proportion of hemlock trees decreased slightly and in the cut and 79.4% (S.E. =4.9) in the uncut plots. the proportion of spruce trees increased slightly with We found no significant difference between cut and increasing cutting intensity (Fig. 4a), but cutting uncut plots in either the proportion of hemlock trees intensity explained only 3-5% of the variation in tree (p=0.842) or spruce trees (p=0.460). The species species proportion. The proportion of current stand proportions of basal area in the uncut and partially cut basal area for both hemlock and spruce increased plots were also similar. The average proportion of slightly with increasing cutting intensity (Fig. 4b), R.L. Deal, J.C. lappeiner/Forest Ecology and Management 5486 (2001) 1-14 9 100 (a) �o ° d ° ° of C-2 spruce basal area and C-2 total stand basal area c o� °� ° °Nemr«kR2=0.030 (R2 =0.845, p < 0.001; Table 3). m 80 ° ° ° =0.722 N ° ° °o P_ O 060 ° • ° • �„ Uo • 3.4. Stand growth and growth of different tree Cl— 40 • •° a, ° cohorts • 20 •• s„njCe R'=0.051 • v • • • • P=0.417 0 �• "• �'' The net basal-area growth (all stand growth less 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 • Spruce o Hemlock mortality based on diameter of trees at 1.3 m) was o greater in the partially cut plots than in the uncut plots, c 100 �b� a o° ° ° ° °8 ° ° ° ° Ere=0.013 and basal-area growth generally increased with • a80 d °.• °°°� 0Hemlockp=0282 increasing cutting intensity. The differences in net o co 60 •g° z 'to• ° • basal-area growth among stands, however, were sib o y 40 Cu •c+ •4 • ° nificanl (p < 0.01). Therefore, we blocked by stand a3 °• m 20 .• • soma. R2=0.013 and found statistically significant increases in net se ••� • P=0.691 0 L_ basal-area growth between uncut and cut plots 0 20 40 60 80 100 (p < 0.001) and significant increases in growth with Proportion of basal area cut increasing cutting intensity (R22 =0.769, p < 0.001). The proportion of stand basal-area growth was Fig. 4. The proportion of western hemlock and Silica spruce densities(a)and basal areas(b)in the current stand as a function of much greater for C-2 trees than for C-1 trees. The cutting intensity. The reported R2 and p-values are the relation of C-2 trees accounted for more than 99% of the basal- the proportion of basal-area cut to tree density and basal area,using area growth for plots with less than 26% of the basal- data from the 55 partially cut treatment plots. Tree density and area cut, and more than 95% of the growth for plots basal area include combined data from all C-I and C-2 trees 2.5 cm with 26-50% of the basal-area cut (Fig. 5). In plots dbh and greater. where more than 50% of the stand basal areas were cut, C-1 basal-area growth was greater, but C-2 trees but cutting intensity only explained about 1% of the variability in basal area. We found no significant Hemlock e Spruce VE Other relation between cutting intensity and the proportion of either spruce or hemlock trees (p=0.417 and C-2 C-2 C-2 0.722, respectively) or the proportion of spruce and 100 — hemlock basal area (p=0.691 and 0.282, respec- c = 80 - C-2- Lively). m o The wide variation in current species composition o O1 60 in stands was largely explained by the amount of C-2 e N ti r hemlock and spruce basal area left after cutting. The 2 ; 40 proportion of the combined C-1 and C-2 hemlock trees `o T, was highly positively correlated with the amount of C- o m 20 C-1 2 hemlock basal area left after cutting (R22 =0.701, a - C-1 C-1 c., p < 0-001), and the proportion of the combined C-1 0 uncut 1-25% 26-50% 61-99 and C-2 hemlock basal area was explained by the Proportion of basal area cut amount of C-2 hemlock basal area and total stand C-2 basal area (R- =0.845, p < 0.001; Table 3). The Fig. 5. The proportion of stand basal-area growth by cutting proportion of the combined C-1 and C-2 spruce trees intensity class for Sitka spruce,western hemlock and other species. was highly negatively correlated with hemlock C-2 The other minor species include western red cedar(T pl(cara Donn basal area left after cutting (R2=0.758,p < 0.001), ex D. Don), yellow cedar(C. nootkuteruis (t). Don) Spach)- red alder (Abuts rubs Bong.), and mountain hemlock (Tsuga and the proportion of the combined C-1 and C-2 menensiana(Hong.)Can.).The distribution of C-I and C-2 trees spruce basal area was largely explained by the amount is shown by cutting intensity class and tree species composition. 10 R.L. Deal, ./.C. Tappeiner/Forest Ecology and Management 5486(2001) 1-14 60 40 ?Spruce (a) t o T 5 O, 50 30 XenYOCtT NS T ) Ns j' 2 2 T NS N$ W a .u. 20 . 2 Si A • R'=0.627 -c — / m c • p=o.00r DNS �.. ,, A 0 ° 20 0 c • • • y o 1-20 21-40 41-60 61-60 81-100+ U = E to - , ••• to 40 O Uncut plots (b)lo o • t ••.• .! y 30 ' Cut plots T.t. _ cri 0 20 40 60 80 100 n s Trs\ T T v 20 ` \ Proportion of basal area cut › r 5 '-�� 0 10 s V A Fig. 6. The proportion of stand basal-area growth for C-1 trees. since date of cutting. as a function of cutting intensity for the 55 0 P� .� -- partially cut plots. The reported R2 and p-value is the arc-sin 0 1-20 21-40 41-60 61-80 81-100+ square-root transformation of proportional data for C-I basal-area C-1 trees C-2 trees growth. Tree diameter at cutting date(cm) Fig.7. The average diameter growth for 60 years since cutting for Sitka spruce and western hemlock in the cut plots (a). and in the still contributed over 84% of the Stand basal-area uncut and partially cut plots(h).The diameters at cutting date are growth(Fig.5).In this study,only one plot had greater the midpoints of trees by 20 cm diameter classes for C-I and C-2 than 50% of the stand basal-area growth from C-1 trees. Vertical lines represent standard errors, "S" is a significant trees, and stand basal-area growth was dominated by difference,and 'NS'-is a nun-significant difference(a=0.05) in C-2 trees (Fig. 6). We found a statistically significant diameter growth for each diameter class. difference (p < 0.001) in the proportion of stand basal-area growth between the C-I and C-2 trees. We also found a statistically significant increase in not statistically significant (p > 0.05) for any dia- the proportion of C-1 net basal-area growth with meter class (Fig. 7a). The C-1 60-year diameter- increasing cutting intensity (R2 =0.627 for trans- growth average was less than C-2 growth for both formed basal area,p =0.001).The model for predict- hemlock and spruce. The average C-I growth of ing the proportion of C-1 net basal-area growth spruce was 14.9 cm (S.E. =3.2) and 8.4 cm included both the proportion of basal-area cut and (S.E. = 1.5) for C-I hemlock (Fig. 7a). The C-2 total stand residual basal area, but this model diameter growth rates were generally consistent for explained only about 1% more of the variability both hemlock and spruce in all diameter classes, (R2 = 0.644; Table 3) than just the proportion of averaging about 20-30 cm for 60 years. basal-area cut. The proportion of stand basal-area The diameter growth was also consistently higher in growth was also consistent for hemlock and spruce. the cut plots than in the uncut plots for all diameter In all cutting treatments, about 60-70% of the stand classes. The average diameter growth for 60 years basal-area growth was on C-2 hemlock trees and about since cutting for C-1 trees was significantly less 15-30% on C-2 spruce trees (Fig. 5). (p =0.022) in the uncut plots (average=4.8 cm, S.E. =0.7), compared with an average of 12.9 cm 3.5. Diameter growth by species, tree cohorts, and (S.E. =t).7) in the cut plots (Fig. 7b). The average diameter class diameter growth for C-2 trees 1-20 cm in diameter at date of cutting was 11.5 cm (S.E. = 1.1) in the uncut Sitka spruce diameter growth was slightly greater plots and 23.4cm (S.E. = 3.2) in the cut plots than western hemlock growth for all tree-diameter (p= 0.005). The average diameter growth for C-2 classes, but growth differences between species were trees in the 21-40 and 41-60 cm diameter classes was R.L. Deaf, .1.C. 7appeiner/Forest Ecology and blunagemeut 5486(2001) 1-14 I I also significantly higher in the cut plots than in the ever, the number of trees in these size classes was uncut plots (p=0.014 and 0.039, respectively). The similar to the stands before cutting,with an average of growth of C-2 trees in the 61-80 and 81-100 cm 16,29,and 81 trees hat in the large-,medium-large-, diameter classes, however, did not differ significantly and medium-diameter-classes, respectively (Fig. 8). between the cut and uncut plots(p =0.119 and 0.494, The current stands had slightly more trees of medium respectively). diameter(}17 trees ha-1) and slightly fewer trees of Analysis of diameter growth for the uncut and cut medium-large (-3 trees ha-1) and large diameter plots showed that the best growth was from C-2 trees (-3 trees hat) than the stands before cutting, but in the cut plots with diameters of 20-80 ern at date of no significant differences were found in the frequency cutting (Fig. 7b). The C-2 trees in the cut plots had a of trees for any diameter class(p =0.201, 0.401, and 60-year diameter-growth average of between 23 and 0.422, respectively). 27 cm. The C-1 trees grew the least, with a 60-year Stands with at least 85% hemlock had higher diameter-growth average of only 12.9 cm in the cut numbers of trees per hectare than other stands. For plots (Fig. 7b). instance, the highest density plots at Granite, Canoe Passage and Rainbow Falls were at least 92% hem- 3.6. Current and former stand structure lock. Also, the highest C-I densities (1250- 2117 trees hat) at Granite and Margarita Bay were Most trees cut were large-diameter spruce trees and in plots with at least 95%hemlock(Table 1).Total tree more C-2 hemlock than C-2 spruce trees were left in density and density of hemlocks were substantially almost all plots (Tables I and 2) but usually some less in stands where spruce comprised at least 12% of large-diameter trees (hemlock, spruce or cedar) were the trees. Stands with the highest proportion of spruce left after cutting. The number of trees in large were those with the lowest density (120- (>100 cm), medium-large (71-100 cm), and medium 372 trees hat at Florence Bay, Kutlaku Lake and (41-70 cm) diameter classes left after cutting aver- Salt Lake Bay; Table 1). Most of the unexplained aged 7, 14, and 43 trees ha-1, respectively (Fig. 8). variation in species composition was probably related Before cutting,an average of 18,32,and 64 trees ha-1 to differences in regeneration among stands. For were in these diameter classes, and we found signifi- example, at Margarita Bay and Hanus Bay, 100 of cant differences (p c 0.005) between stands before C-I hemlock and spruce trees per hectare were estah- and after cutting in the number of medium, medium- fished after partial cutting (Table 1). Other stands, large, and large-diameter trees. After 60 years, how- such as Big Bear Creek and Finger Creek had numer- ous C-2 trees that grew rapidly after partial cutting and prevented C-1 spruce and hemlock from becoming 150 Trees a,_9BCma.B.n. established in the stand (Table I). 100 sa mi., ° 4. Discussion m 4° Trees 91400 cm tl.b.h. T m • '\ The results of this study strongly indicate that g1'- \r o silvicultural systems using partial cutting can be sue- t= gg ° Trees>,°BCm ab\ hemlock—Sitka spruce forests in southeast Alaska.Our cessfully applied to 20 ° . S results show that the establishment of new regenera- AM1er °mem Before cr„,eo vane cutting tion (C-I trees) and the growth of larger pre-existing Stand condition trees (C-2 trees) of both hemlock and spruce can maintain species composition and stand structures Fig. 8. The numbers of trees per hectare by size classes in the partially cut plots before and immediately after cutting.and in the similar to that of study plots before cutting. current stand 60 years after cutting. Vertical lines represent New regeneration was generally plentiful on cut standard errors. plots;however,most C-1 trees were hemlock(Tables 1 12 R.L. Deal, J.0 Tappeiner/Forest Ecology and Management 5486(2001) 1-14 and 2). Heavy cutting intensity favored establishment conventional knowledge about partial cutting in south- of both species and C-1 trees were always established east Alaska,that residual trees left after partial cutting in plots with at least 50%or more of the basal-area cut are of poor quality and low vigor (Han-is and Farr, (Fig.3a).However,some of the lightly cut plots had no 1974). These researchers also speculated that these C-1 trees and instead of the establishment of a new trees would lead to significant reduction in future cohort it appears that C-2 trees expanded their crowns yields. However, release of residual western hemlock and filled in the available growing space. C-1 spruce trees after overstory removal has been well documen- trees were found on 44% of the cut plots and on only ted in other regions (Meyer, 1937; Williamson and I I% of the uncut plots (Table 2). The variation in Ruth, 1976; Oliver, 1976; Tucker and Emmingham, establishment of C-1 spruce trees may be explained by 1977; Wiley, 1978; Moyer, 1980; Jaeck et al., 1984). differences among stands in seed availability, or dif- Some researchers report poor height growth of resi- ferences in regeneration related to the presence of dual hemlock trees(Williamson and Ruth, 1976;Jaeck advanced regeneration, soil disturbance from logging, et al., 1984), and the advance regeneration tended to and competition from shrubs and C-2 trees. It appears be crooked and of poor quality (Jaeck et al., 1984). that many of the C-I trees came from seedling banks Prior to this study, little research has been conducted (Grime. 1979). Yount (1997), who studied spruce and on the ability of advance regeneration Sitka spruce to hemlock seedling population on these same sites, respond to release. In another reconstruction study, found that the numbers and composition of seedlings Deal et al. (1991)reported the establishment and rapid on cut plots was generally the same as on the uncut growth of sonic spruce trees after partial stand blow- plots. Spruce density ranged from 3000 to down. These spruce grew rapidly in height and 114,000 ha I and hemlock density ranged from reached the mid to upper canopy of the stand but 47,000 to 723,000 seedlings hat. Both species were few spruce survived in the lower canopy layers. In this common on logs. Spruce seedlings were found at all study, we found that C-2 trees responded with rapid sites except one where there was a dense hemlock and sustained growth after overstory removal,and that overstory. It is also important to note that spruce the diameter growth of spruce trees was slightly but regeneration is not always established after clearcut- consistently greater than for hemlock trees (Fig. 7). tine, and the relative proportion of C-1 spruce and It appears that with careful tree selection and reg- hemlock found in this study was within the range of ulation of stand density it will be possible to maintain reported data from Tongass NF regeneration surveys diverse tree size structures with silvicultural systems following clearcutting (USFS regeneration and survi- that use partial cutting. The basal area and species val data on file at Forestry Sciences Lab).These results composition left after cutting explained about 70-85% indicate that partial cutting can generally enable of the variation in density and basal area of hemlock regeneration of spruce and hemlock, and that in con- and spruce (Table 3). Immediately after cutting there trust to other opinions (Andersen, 1955; Harris and were few trees on our plots greater than 70 cm dbh, Farr, 1974)spruce will regenerate after partial cutting. and these cut stands had very different tree size C-2 trees of both species in all size classes structures than the old-growth stands prior to cutting responded to partial cutting by increasing diameter (Fig. 8). Sixty years after cutting, however, these growth. Sitka spruce consistently grew more rapidly stands had similar numbers of large-sized (>100 cm than western hemlock, but growth differences were dbh) trees compared with the old-growth stands, and not statistically significant(Fig.7a). Diameter growth these similar structures were largely a result of the was significantly greater in cut plots compared to growth of the medium-diameter (70-100 cm dbh) uncut plots (Fig. 7b). The current stand basal area, trees into the larger diameter classes. This result is tree species composition, and stand growth for all particularly important to replace large-diameter trees cutting intensities was strongly related to trees left that are cut. When the goal is to maintain stand after harvest. The C-2 trees (either large residuals or structures similar to those in old-growth stands,it will small advance regeneration)grew rapidly after partial be important to select individual or groups of trees of cutting and were a significant and dominant compo- both species in large or medium-large size classes to nent of the current stand. These results run contrary to leave. Tree and stand growth may also increase, if R.L. Deal, .LC Tappeiner/Forest Ecology and Management 5486(2001) 1-14 13 vigorous spruce and hemlock trees are left after cut- Alaback, P.B., 19826. Forest community structural change during ring, In addition, maintaining some large spruce as secondary succession in southeast Alaska. In: Means, J.E. (Ed.),Proceedings of the Symposium on Forest Succession and seed trees, thinning overstocked patches of hemlock, Stand Development Research in the Northwest. Forestry and planting spruce in some cases would increase or Research Laboratory, Oregon State University. Corvallis. OR, maintain spruce densities. Thus, by thoughtfully pp. 70-79. implementing normal silvicultural practices, new sil- Alaback,P.13,, 1984.A comparison of old-growth forest structure in vicultural systems could be developed to further the western hemlock-Sitka.spruce forests of southeast Alaska. In:Meehan,W.R.,Merrell,T.R.J..Hanley,T.A.(Eds.),Fish and enhance desirable tree species composition, provide Wildlife Relationships in Old-growth Forests. American productive stands for timber,and also maintain diverse Institute of Fishery Research Biologists, Morehead city, NC, stand structures similar to old-growth forests. pp.219-226. It is important to remember that the stands we Alaback,P.B.,Juday,G.P.. 1989.Structure and composition of low Studied were cut to provide specific wood products elevation old-growth forests in research natural areas of southeast Alaska.Nat. Areas 1. 9,27-39. Such as spruce SawtIIT117er and hemlock pilings. Cut- Alaback,P13.,Tappeiner,J.C., 1991.Response of western hemlock ting occurred without a planned silvicultural system Tsuga heierophrlla and early huckleberry Vaccinitm ovnlifo- with little effort taken to ensure spruce regeneration, limn seedlings to forest windthrow. Can.J. For. Res. 21, 534- stand growth,or maintenance of complex stand struc- 539. tures found in old-growth forests. Nevertheless Sitka Andersen, H.E., 1955. Clearcutttng as a silvicultural system in converting old forests to new in southeast Alaska. Soc. Am. spruce was maintained in these stands and greatly For. Proc.59-61. reduced stand growth did not occur. We also found Bailey.J.D.,Tappeiner,J.C.. 1998.Effects of thinning on structural similar tree size structures in these current stands that development in 40- to 100-year-old Douglas-fir stands in developed following partial cutting compared with the western Oregon.For.Ecol.Mgmt. 108,99-113. original old-growth forest. Therefore, well-planned Deal, R.L., 1999.The effects of partial cutting on stand structure and growth,and forest plant communities of western hemlock- silvicultural systems based on partial cutting could Sitka spruce stands in southeast Alaska. Ph.D. Thesis. Oregon provide rapidly growing trees for timber production State University,Corvallis,OR, 191 pp. and maintain complex stand structures with mixtures Deal. R.L., Oliver, C.D., Bormann, B.T.. 1991. Reconstruction of of spruce and hemlock trees similar to old-growth mixed hemlock-spruce stands in coastal southeast Alaska.Can. forests. 1. For. Res. 21.643-654. Farr. W.A.,Harris,A.S., 1971. Partial cutting of western hemlock and Sitka spruce in southeast Alaska.Research Paper PNW-RP- Acknowledgements 124. USDA Forestry Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Portland,OR, 10 pp. Gottfried, G.J., 1992. Growth and development in an old-growth This project is a contribution from the USDA Forest Arizona mixed conifer stand following initial harvesting. For. Service study, alternatives to clearcutting in the old- Ecol.Mgmt. 54, 1-26. growth forests of southeast Alaska,ajoint effort of the Grime.LP., 1979.Plant Strategies and Vegetation Processes.Riley, Pacific Northwest Research Station, the Alaska New York. 222 pp. Harris. A.S.. 1989. Wind in the forests of southeast Alaska and Region, and the Tongass National Forest. We thank guides for reducing damage. General Technical Report PNW- our field crew and research associates, David Bassett, GTR-244.USDA Forestry Service,Pacific Northwest Research Ellen Anderson, Louise Yount and Pat Palkovic. We Station, Portland,OR,63 pp. are grateful for the review of earlier versions of this Harris, A.S.. Farr. W.A., 1974.The forest ecosystem of southeast paper from Mike McClellan, Steve Tesch, Pat Muir, Alaska. 7: forest ecology and timber management. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-25. USDA Forestry Service, Bruce McCune, Charley Peterson, and Dean DeBell Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, and the technical editing of Martha Brookes. Portland, OR, 109 pp. Hennon,P.E.,Hansen,E.M.,Shaw Ill..CO.,. 1990.Causes of basal scars on Chamnec_rparis noorkatensis in southeast Alaska. References Northw. Sci.64,45-54. Henry. J.D., Swan, J.M.A.. 1974. Reconstructing forest history Alaback, P.B., 1982a. Dynamics of understory biomass in Sitka from live and dead plant material-an approach to the study of spruce-western hemlock forests of southeast Alaska. Ecology forest succession in southwest New Hampshire. Ecology 55. 63, 1932-1948. 772-783. 14 R.L. Deal, J.C. 7hppeiner/Forest Ecology and Management 5486(2001) 1-14 Moyer, G.E., 1980. Height growth of dominant western hemlock Ott,R.A., 1997.Natural disturbance at the site and landscape levels trees that had been released from understory suppression.DNR in temperate rainforests of southeast Alaska. Ph.D. Thesis. Note 33. Department of Natural Resources, 5 pp. University of Alaska Fairbanks. Fairbanks.AK, 169 pp. Jaeck. L.L., Oliver, C.D., DeBell, D.S., 1984. Young stand Record of Decision. 1997. Record of Decision for Tongass development in coastal western hemlock as influenced by National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan Revi- three harvesting regimes. For. Sci. 30, 117-124. Sion, Alaska, Alaska Region, RIO-MB-338a. USDA Forestry Lertzntan, K.P., Sutherland. G.D.. Inselberg. A.. Saunders. S.C., Service, Region 10, Juneau.AK.44 pp. 1996. Canopy gaps and the landscape mosaic in a coastal SAS, 1989.SAS/STAT User's Guide,Version 6.Vol.2.4th Edition. temperate rain forest. Ecology 77. 1254-1270. SAS Institute Inc..Cary, NC, 846 pp. Lorimer.CO.,. 1983.Eighty-year development of northern red oak Snedecor. G W.. Cochran. W.C„ 1980. Statistical Methods, 7th after partial cutting in a mixed species Wisconsin forest. For. Edition. Iowa State University Press,Ames. IA,507 pp. Sci. 29. 371-383. Stephens. E.P.. 1953. Research in the biological aspects of forest Lorimer.C.G., 1985.Methodological considerations in the analysis production. J. For. 51. 183-186. of forest disturbance history. Can.J. For. Res. 15. 200-213. Stokes, NI..Smiley,T.. 1968.An Introduction to Tree-ring Dating. Lorimer,C,O.,Frelich.L.E.,Nordheim,E.V. 1988.Estimating gap University of Chicago Press.Chicago. IL. 73 pp. origin probabilities for canopy trees. Ecology 69.778-785. Swetnam,T.W.,Thompson,M.A.,Sutherland.E.K., 1985. Spruce Lutz, H.1., 1928. Trends and silvicultural significance of upland Budworms Handbook. Using Dendrochronology to Measure forest successions in southern New England. Environmental Radial Growth of Defoliated Trees. Agricultural Handbook Studies Bulletin 22. Yale University School of Forestry. New 639. USDA Forestry Service, Cooperative State Research Haven.CT,68 pp. Service, Washington, DC. 39 pp. Meyer,W.H., 1937. Yield of even-aged stands of Sitka spruce and Tappeiner, J.C., Alaback, P.B., 1989. Early establishment and western hemlock. USDA Technical Bulletin 544. US Depart- vegetative growth of understory species in the western ment of Agriculture. Washington. DC, 86 pp. hemlock-Sitka spruce forests in southeast Alaska. Can. J. Minore, D., 1979. Comparative autecological characteristics of Bot. 67,318-326. northwestern tree species - a literature review. General Tucker,G.F.,Emmingham,W.H., 1977.Morphological changes in Technical Report PNW-GTR-87. USDA Forestry Service, leaves of residual western hemlock after clear and shelterwood Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. cutting. For. Sci.23, 195-203. Portland,OR. 72 pp. Wiley. K.N., 1978. Site index tables for western hemlock in the Oliver,C.D., 1976.Growth response of suppressed hemlocks after Pacific Northwest.Weyerhauser Forestry Paper 17. Weyerhau- release. In: Atkinson, W.A., Zasoski, R.J. (Eds.), Western ser Timber Company Forest Research Center,Centralia,WA. Hemlock Management. College of Forest Resources. Institute Williamson,R.L..Ruth.R.H., 1976.Results of shelterwood cutting of Forest Products. University of Washington. Seattle, WA, in western hemlock. Research Paper PNW-RP-201. USDA pp. 266-272. Forestry Service, Pacific Northwest Research and Range Oliver. C.D.. 1981. Forest development in North America Experiment Station, Portland, OR, 25 pp. following major disturbances. For. Ecol. Mgmt. 3. 153-168. Yount. L.S., 1997. Sitka spruce and western hemlock regeneration Oliver.C.D.. 1982. Stand development-its uses and methods of alter selective harvesting. Tongass National Forest, southeast study. In: Means,J.E.(Ed.),Proceedings of the Symposium on Alaska. Masters Thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis. Forest Succession and Stand Development Research in the OR, 77 pp. Northwest Forestry Research Laboratory, Oregon State Uni- Zar,1.H., 1996. Biostatistical Analysis.3rd Edition. Prentice-Hall. versity,Corvallis.OR, pp. 100-112. Upper Saddle River, NJ.662 pp. 2067 The effects of partial cutting on forest plant communities of western hemlock - Sitka spruce stands in southeast Alaska Robert L. Deal Abstract: The effects of partial culling on plant species richness, community structure, and several understory species that are important for deer forage were evaluated on 73 plots in 18 stands throughout southeast Alaska. These partially cut stands were harvested 12-96 years ago when 16-96% of the former stand basal area was removed. The species richness and community structure of understory plants were similar in uncut and partially cut plots. However, plots where more than 509a of the basal area was cut had a significantly different plant community structure. Species com- position and abundance also appeared to be distinctly different between hemlock-dominated and spruce-dominated stands. Partial cutting did not significantly change abundance for most of the important forage species for deer. The similarity in plant community structure between partially cut and uncut old-growth stands may be related to forest stand structures. The heterogeneous stand structures that develop after partial cutting are mom similar to old-growth stands than to the uniform young-growth stands that develop oiler stand replacing disturbances such as clear-cutting. Resume : Les effets d'une coupe patella sur la richesse en especes vegetates, sur la structure de la communaute at sur plusieurs aspects de sous-bois qui constituent une source importante de fourrage pour le ehevreuil ont eta cvalucs dans 73 parcelles reparties dans 18 peuplements situcs dans Ic sud-est de I'Alaska. Ces peuplements paniellement cou- pes ont ate rccoltes it y a 12-96 ans alors que 16-9696 de la surface terricre du peuplement original a ate enlevee. La richesse en esptces at la structure de la communaute des plantes de sous-bois elaien( semblables dans les parcelles non toupees et paniellement toupees. Cependant, dans les parcelles o6 plus de 50% de la surface terriere avail etc toupee, la structure de la communaute vegetate etait significativement di flerente, La composition et l'abondance des espoces semblaient egalement ncttement differentes entre les peuplements dominos par to pruche et les peuplements dominos par l'epinette. La coupe panielle n'a pas significativement change l'abondance de la plupan des espeees qui constituent une source importante de fourrage pour le chevreuil. La similitude dans la structure de la communaute vegetate entre les peuplements de vieille font paniel lament coupes at non coupes est peut-titre relive a la structure des peuplements forestiers. Les peuplements a structure hctarogene qui se developpent suite a une coupe pathetic sont plus semblables aux peuplements de vieille foret qu'aux jeunes peuplements uniformes qui Sc developpent apres des perturbations, comme la coupe a blanc, qui entrain la regeneration du peuplement, fTraduit par In Redaction) Introduction system structure and function are not significantly different than those of natural disturbances (Attiwill 1994). Disturbance has been widely recognized as a major force The natural disturbance regime in southeast Alaska is in the development, structure, and function of forests (Bormann and Likens 1979; Oliver and Larson 1990; characterized by high-frequency, low-magnitude disturbance Attiwill 1994). The importance of disturbance on plant sue- events(Brady and Hanley 1984) and gap-phase replacement cession has also been well documented (Whittaker 1953; (Alaback and _Parlay 1989; Lertzman at at. 1996), resulting in Egler 1954; Connell and Slatyer 1977; Pickett and White complex multiaged or uneven-aged stands (Deal et al. 1991; 1985), and there has been recent interest in the role of dis- Nowacki and Kramer 1998). Proximity to the North Pacific turbance in affecting forest community structure and compo- Ocean results in cool summers and mild winters with abun- sition (White 1979; Christensen 1989; Halpern 1989; dant precipitation occurring throughout the year. Much of Angelstam 1998). There may be important differences in the precipitation occurs in the autumn season along with oc- scale and intensity between natural and human disturbances, casional hurricane force winds. The significance of this cli- but in many cases, the effects of human disturbance on eco- mate for the forest is that moisture is generally not a limiting factor for tree regeneration, wildfire is rare, and windthrow and wind-caused damage of trees are common.(Harris et al. Received January 30, 2001. Accepted July 31, 200t. 1974; Harris 1989; Deal et al. 1991; Nowacki and Kramer Published on the NRC Research Press Web site at 1998) http://ejfr.nrc.ca on November 8, 2001. There is increasing interest in devising new forest man- R.L. Dealt USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station, agement strategies that accelerate the development of late- 2770 Sherwood Lane, Juneau, AK 99801, U.S.A. succession and old-growth stand characteristics and maintain 'Present address: Forestry Sciences Laboratory, PO Box 3890, biodiversity in managed forests (Franklin et al. 1981, 1997; Portland, OR 97208-3890, U.S.A. (e-mail: rdealr fs.fed.us). Harmon et al. 1986; Franklin 1989; Larsen 1995). Several Can J. For Res 3l 2067-2079 (2001) DOI tO 1139(e)F631-12-206/ c 2001 NRC Canada 2068 Can.J. For. Res.Vol.31, 2001 studies are underway in the Pacific Northwest region to and Farr 1994) with little success in herbaceous plant colo- evaluate the effects of different silvicultural prescriptions nization (Tappeiner and Alaback 1989). This intense stage designed to accelerate the development of late successional of stem exclusion eliminates or significantly reduces the forest characteristics (Arnott and Reese 1997; Coates and growth rate of understory vegetation for up to 100 years Burton 1997; Aubry et al. 1999; Curtis et al. 19992). Recent (Alaback 19826, 1984; Tappeiner and Alaback 1989). The forest management plans in Alaska have prescribed forest effect of a much reduced herb and shrub community for a practices using a variety of silvicultural systems, including long period of the stand rotation (100+ years) means that even-aged, two-aged, and uneven-aged management(USDA plant diversity and abundance are greatly reduced for over Forest Service 1997). However, even-aged silvicultural sys- 706 of the stand rotation time period. terns using clear-cutting have been almost exclusively used This long-lasting stage of stem exclusion has significant in the western hemlock (7suga heterophy!!a (Raf.) Sarg.) - implications for wildlife such as Sitka black-tailed deer, Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carriere) forests of which depend on these plants as forage (Wallmo and Schoen southeast Alaska since the establishment of large-scale tim- 1980; Schoen et al. 1988; Hanley 1993). For the first 15 to ber operations in the early 1950s(Harris and Fart 1974),Lit- 25 years after clear-cutting, these young-growth stands pro- tle is known about forest management practices in this vide greater understory plant biomass than old-growth stands region, other than even-aged silvicultural systems, and the (Alaback 1982a); however, snow accumulation makes them effects of proposed partial cutting on forest stand develop- much less useful for deer habitat in the winter (Rose 1984; ment and understory plant diversity and abundance are un- Kirchhoff and Schoen 1987; Schoen and Kirchhoff 1990). known. Research on alternatives to clear-cutting is currently The dense, uniform canopy of young-growth hemlock- being conducted in southeast Alaska using large experimen- spruce stands and the abundant conifer regeneration estab- tal studies, but long-term results of this research will not be fished after thinning significantly reduce understory plant di- available for many years (McClellan et al. 2000).There is a versity and abundance. The establishment of these dense need to retrospectively evaluate the effects of previous par- stands is recognized as having broadly negative conse- tial cutting on stand structure, forest overstory-understory quences for wildlife habitat (Wallmo and Schoen 1980; interactions, and plant communities to assess the effects of Hanley 1993; Dellasalla et al. 1996). The use of partial cut- partial cutting and to develop interim management guide- ting rather than clear-cutting in old-growth stands needs to lines for new silvicultural systems. be evaluated to determine if partial cutting can provide the In southeast Alaska, forest stand development after stand- critical stand structure for winter deer habitat, greater plant replacing disturbances such as clear-cutting is very different diversity and abundance, and important plant species for from the natural gap-phase disturbance regime common in wildlife forage. the region. Stand development after clear-cutting follows a The effects of management practices such as partial cut- clearly defined pattern with the establishment and develop- ting on forest plant communities in hemlock-spruce stands ment of a new cohort of western hemlock and Sitka spruce of southeast Alaska are unknown. Before undertaking a trees (Alaback 1982a; Deal et al. 1991). Conifer regenera- widespread shift to partial cutting, it is essential to under- tion, shrubs, and herbaceous plants are rapidly established stand stand development and to assess the potential role of (stand initiation),and understory plant biomass peaks around partial cutting on understory plant diversity and abundance. 15 to 25 years after clear-cutting (Alaback 1982a). Canopy The major objectives of this study were to analyze plant spe- closure occurs about 25 to 35 years after cutting followed by cies diversity and abundance in partially cut and uncut an intense period of intertree competition that prevents new stands,and to determine the changes in forest plant commu- tree regeneration (stem exclusion). The developing young- nities occurring after different intensities of partial cutting. I growth stands are extremely dense, and stands have rela- also evaluated several plant species that are important for tively uniform tree height and diameter distributions. This deer forage and determined if either partial cutting or the in- stage of stem exclusion is long lasting in southeast Alaska tensity of cutting led to significant changes in their abun- and can persist for 50 to 100 years or longer (Alaback dance. 1984). During the stem exclusion stage, stands notably lack the multilayered, diverse structure and shrub-herb layers Material and methods found in old-growth or multiaged stands common in the re- gion. Over time, disease, insect, and wind disturbances in Study areas these stands(Kimmey 1956; Hard 1974; Harris 1989) create Southeast Alaska is a temperate rainforest region and pan of the gaps in the canopy, resulting in reestablishment of new tree hemlock-spruce forest type that occupies a narrow 3000 km long cohorts(understory reinitiation)and other understory vegeta- band along the Pacific Coast from Coos Bay, Oregon, to Prince lion. William Sound, Alaska (Barrett 1995). The region of southeast Forest development after stand-replacing disturbances Alaska is characterized by rugged steeply rising coastal mountains and numerous densely forested islands (Barris et al. 1974). Partial such as clear-cutting has significant and long-term effects on cutting of forests was a common practice in southeast Alaska in the understory plant development. Canopy closure eliminates early 1900s until about 1950 when pulp mills were established in most herbs and shrubs(Alaback 1982a), and attempts to re- the region. Logging practices varied from hand logging at the turn establish understory plants through thinning dense young- of the century to A-frame, high-lead, and other cable-logging sys- growth stands have led to mostly conifer regeneration (Deal terns since the 1920s (Rakesiraw 1981). Usually, individual Sitka 2 Curtis,R,O.,Clendenen,G.W., DeBell, D.S.,et al. 1999.Study plan: silvicultural options for hanesting young-growth production forests, On file at Olympia Forestry Sciences Laboratory, PNW Research Station, Olympia, Wash. C 2001 NRC Canada Deal 2069 Fig. I. The 18 study sites in southeast Alaska. See Table I for definition of site codes. yLi l\ i -.4�.s " \ t v �� i. e,e',o l 1 C '�� tjr I � " A\ k� 9 J• vIu au e \ q'\ ` \ 1 pC ��/!- ;}�1SrC r "Ts Sltka'\ <h_ - \\ � i „'C \\� y i`r�l V•c1[hikan A Study Site k4 ti a / \ .?"..Z11\07 I �, 0 75 Oa \ �/ �. \--- spruce trees were cut for smvtimber, or western hemlocks were 10 consecutive )ears averaging at least 50-100% greater than the harvested for piling, leaving stands of variable density, species previous 10 years(Lorimer et al. 1988)were used to determine the composition, and sire. dale of partial cutting. These partially cut stands were harvested Eighteen sites were selected to sample a range of"time since 12-96 years ago (Table t). cutting", intensity of cutting,and geographic distribution through- I developed stump-to-breast-height equations (Deal 1999) to out southeast Alaska (Fig. I, Table 1). Potential study sites were predict tree diameter at breast height(DB11) from the stump diem- selected from 200+ sites identified from a variety of sources, in- eter, by using forward stepwise regression analysis(Snedecor and eluding USDA Forest Service district files, historical records,and Cochran t980). The basal area of each stump was multiplied by mops. Study sites were selected under the following criteria: (1) a the appropriate overstory plot expansion factor to determine basal range of time since cutting from 10 to100 years; (I) stands with area cut per hectare for each plot.The diameter at time of cutting only one cutting entry;(iii)a partial-cut area of at least 10 ha,with of current live trees was determined by using increment cores and a wide range of cutting intensities at each site, including an uncut stem sections from 986 western hemlock, Sitke spruce, western area; (iv) relatively uniform topography, soils, forest type, and redcedar(T/ /a plicate Donn ex D. Don), and yellow-cedar trees plant associations within each site; and (v) geographical distribu- (Chanraenparis noatkatensfs (D. Don) Spach). I developed site- lion throughout southeast Alaska. All study sites were within 2 km specific regression equations to predict DB11 at time of cutting for of the nearest shoreline and less than 100 m in elevation. all trees by relating DB11 at time of cutting to current tree Dal, At each study site stand, surveys were conducted to assess and basal area, species, and plot cutting intensity (Deal 1999). The find a range of current stand densities and cutting intensities, and basal area of all trees at time of cutting was multiplied by the the number and size of cut stumps and overstory trees were noted. overstory plot expansion factor to determine stand basal area per An uncut control and generally three partially cut areas(light, me- hectare for each plot al time of cutting. Snag class and snag age ilium, heavy) were located at each site in 1995 and 1996. data were used to determine snag DB11 at cutting date, and then I Overstory stand plots, centrally located within each partially cut estimated stand mortality since cutting. Each snag was assigned to area,were used to evaluate stand structure.A total of seventy-three a decay class,and a mean age for each decay class was determined 0.2-ha overstory plots were installed at the 18 study sites. (Hermon et al. 1990; P. Palkovic, unpublished data). The live-tree regression equations were used for snags,and snag DB11 was pre- Stand reconstruction dieted at the date of cutting. Periodic basal-area mortality per hect- Stands were reconstructed back to the date of cutting using cut are was estimated for each plot. Data on the basal area that was stumps, current live trees, and snag information (Deal 1999). The cut,current live tree basal area at cutting date,and stand mortality date of cutting was determined by using tree radial-growth analy- since cutting were then combined to determine the proportion of ses (Henry and Swan 1974; Oliver 1982; Lorimer 1985) and veri- basal area cut for each stand cutting treatment(Deal 1999),Cutting fled by historical data if available. Patterns of tree release intensity ranged from 16 to 96% of the former stand basal area indicating an abrupt and sustained increase in growth for at least (Table I). et 200t NRC Canada na Q V O Table I. Descriptions of research sites listed chronologically by cutting date. Cutting intensity Current stand composition" Research site (no. of Cutting BA cut BA cut BA uncut BA All trees Spruce Hemlock Other^ 0.2-ha plots/site) dale (%) (m2lizCt) (m2-ha4) (m2 ha t) (lteeslha) (%) (%) (%) Forest type TB, Thomas Bay (3) 1984 20-29 18-19 42-77 49-70 237-766 1-17 83-99 0 Western hemlock OR, Granite (4) 1983 18-86 9-51 9-50 13-70 368-1440 0-7 93-100 0 Western hemlock PV, Pavlof River (6) 1977 36-58 21-43 31-47 37-69 288-823 4-29 42-96 0-46 Sitka spruce BB, Big Bear Creek (4) 1958 17-36 9-27 47-63 53-79 270-754 15-47 53-85 0 Sitka spruce MB, Margarita Bay (4) 1958 23-83 9-48 10-30 41-63 694-2695 4-24 76-96 0 Wcstcrn hemlock RF, Rainbow Falls(4) 1942 34-61 15-25 16-29 44-66 348-1108 0-28 63-100 0-10 Sitka spruce FC, Finger Creek (4) 1941 18-41 11-33 44-51 58-75 331-522 5-60 40-95 0 Western hemlock WH, Winter Harbor (4) 1932 24-38 19-39 56-70 73-95 785-1311 2-33 67-98 0 Sitka spruce SB, Solt Lake Bay (4) 1928 48-55 28-35 29-31 63-87 158-642 17-73 27-83 0 Sitka spruce CI', Canoe Passage (4) 1927 16-75 9-57 19-46 44-66 815-2452 2-13 74-92 6-19 Western hemlock LP, Elf Point (4) 1927 17-73 12-36 13-57 42-116 453-1443 2-4 72-96 0-24 Western hemlock SIC, Sarkor(4) 1925 27-59 14-28 19-37 57-76 467-1163 0-11 89-100 0 Western hemlock 118, Ilanus Bay (4) 1922 49-96 24-85 3-25 56-83 413-1180 6-62 38-94 0 Sitka spruce KL, Kutloku Lake (4) 1920 31-63 17-31 18-37 58-139 305-525 5-49 35-95 0-16 Sitka spruce PB, Portage Bay (4) 1918 26-65 7-28 14-25 47-56 459-1202 5-33 67-95 0 Western hemlock FB, Florence Bay (4) 1914 50-57 33-38 26-38 56-83 120-360 18-75 25-82 0 Sitka spruce GP, Gloss Peninsula (4) 1911 23-69 15-41 17-47 60-84 147-397 11-34 28-83 0-49 Sitka spruce WC, Weasel Cove (4) 1900 17-51 9-23 22-45 53-75 450-1220 0-24 67-100 0-17 Sitka spruce Note:The cutting intensity data refer to the range for the partially cut plots at each site. The current stand data include the range of both uncut and cut plots at each site The forest type is the major overstory tree species at each site BA,basal area. "Stand data for trees and basal area includes all trees that are at(cast 22.5 cm DBII. "The other minor species include westem redcedar(T hula plicam),yellow-cedar(Cbanmxeypons naarkasrrsis), red older(Alms rubra Bong.),and mountain hemlock(Tsuga nrenemlarm(Bong) 0 Corriere). ? 5- -n O r. f7 to N to 0 O O Z A ca r O N i S Deal 2071 Stand data ers. Diversity measures calculated included Shannon's diversity in- For each overstory plot, tree species, DBII, tree height, and dex,H',(Shannon and Weaver 1949)and Pielou's evenness index, crown position were measured for all live trees greater than 2.5 cm E, (Pielou 1975) from DBI-I (1.3 m)to provide current stand sir-amoral information.Stand reconstruction provided data on the date and the intensity of cut- [I] 11'= —E[p,In(p)] ting. The overstory plot data included time since cutting and stand structural data on the total stand basal area cut, residual basal area retained, proportion of stand basal area cut, stand density, and the where p, is the importance probability in element i, and proportion of spruce and hemlock in the stand (Table I). Environ- mental data included elevation,slope,aspect,plant association,and ('] E= 11 forest type. In(richness) Vegel alion data Understory vegetation was sampled with ten I . I m vegetation To determine the effect of partial cutting on plant species rich- quadrats(1.0 m2),and ten 2 m radius shrub plots (12.57 rut) sys- ness, I blocked plots by silo and then tested for differences in spe- (emetically distributed within each of the seventy-three 0.2-ha cies richness between cut and uncut plots for all plants and for overstory plots. Canopy cover classes by species for all herbs, vascular plants separately, using contrast analysis (SAS Institute mosses, lichens, liverworts,and tree seedlings Ic than 0.1 m tall Inc. 1989). I then b locked plots by site and determined the effect of were estimated within each vegetation quadrat. The canopy' cover cutting intensity(.v basal area(BA)cut)on species richness for all classes were estimated for shrub and understory tree species, and Plants and for vascular plants. shrub and tree seedlings greater than 0.1 m tall were measured for Following construction of the reduced data set, I used multi- height within the shrub plots. Canopy cover classes were as (ol- response permutation procedures (MRPP) and non-metric multidi- lows: <I, 1-5, >5-25, >25-50, >50-75, >75-95, and >95-100% mensional scaling ordination (NMS) in PC-ORD (McCune and (Daubenmire 1959). Mclford 1997) to analyze species composition and abundance (plant community structure). For the MRPI' analysis, I pooled all of the partially cut plots and tested for differences in plant commu- Construction of data sets nity structure between uncut and partially cut plots. I separated the The canopy cover data for the 10 vegetation quadrats and shrub recently harvested sites(cut 12-38 years ago; pre-canopy closure) plots were combined and averaged within each overstory plot to es- from the older sites(cut 53-96 years ago;post-canopy closure)and Ornate mean abundance for each plant species found on the 0.2-ha compared plant community structure in four cutting intensity overstory plots. The percent vegetation cover for each species was classes (uncut, 1-25% BA cut, 26-50% 13A cut, and >50% BA calculated using the midpoints of each canopy cover class. A plot- cut). I used MRPP to test for differences in community structure by-species matrix was constructed where species abundance data between the uncut plots and the three plot cutting intensities. For consisted of mean cover. Separate data sets were constructed and ordination analysis, I initially used a Bray-Curtis ordination with used to assess species diversity and plant community structure. Sorenson distance measure and variance-regression endpoint selec- One data set used the full set of 73 plots and 146 species. Another lion. This generally provided a good spread of points in the online- data set contained only vascular plants and included 73 plots and Lion, and I saved the ordination scores as an input configuration for 56 species; this data set was used to assess species diversity and NMS. I then used NMS ordination with Sorenson distance measure richness of vascular plants and to analyze the structure of the vas- for two and three axes with 100 iterations. I also ran Monte Carlo cular plant community. Finally, a reduced data set was developed tests on a series from six axes to one axis and compared the stress where species occurring in fewer than three plots were removed obtained from the randomized data with my data set (Kruskal from the data set.No plots were removed, but 36 species occurring 1964; Clarke 1993). All ordinations were rotated to align the vari- on only one plot and nine species occurring on only two plots were able forest type with axis I. Forest type is the major overstory tree removed, creating a reduced data matrix of 73 plots and 101 spe- species based on plant association, and this was used to relate cies.The reduced data set was developed to determine if the elimi- overstory tree composition with understory plant community struc- nation of rare species reduced the variability of species abundance Lure. The final ordination model was selected as the one that ex- and strengthened the relationship between plots and species com- plained the greatest amount of variation in the original distance position. This reduced data set was later used for all additional matrix on the fewest number of axes. I then analyzed overlays of analyses of plant community structure. variables from the environmental matrix and reported the relation An environmental matrix comprising both quantitative and cute- of NMS axes to plant species composition and abundance and key gorical variables was constructed using the stand structural and en- environmental variables associated with each axis. vironmental data from the overstory plots. A class variable for The effects of partial cutting on wildlife habitat were examined cutting intensity was created using the proportion of basal area cut: by analyzing changes in the abundance of eight plant species im- uncut plots (0), plots with 1-25%of basal area cut (I), plots with portant for deer forage Iflanley and McKendrick 1985; Kirchhoff 26-50%basal area cut(2),and plots with greater than 50%of the and Hanley 1992). These plant species included five herbs(Caps is basal area cut (3). asplentfelia, Carnes canadensis, L'sicltftun americanum, Rebus pedalos, and ftarella trifoliate), one fern (Drynptens expanse), Data analysis and two shrubs(l'accinium ova/rfalfnm and Jr/cc-infant parvffo/inm) Species richness and diversity measures for the full, reduced, (Pojar and MacKinnon 1994). Canopy cover for each species was and vascular plant (including separate subsets for herbs and averaged for each of the four plot cutting intensities.To determine shrubs) data sets were calculated using PC-ORD (McCune and the general effects of partial cutting on the abundance of these Mefford 1997). Diversity measures for species (gamma diversity, plant species, I blocked plots by site and tested for differences in the total number of plant species in the study; alpha diversity, the abundance(mean cover) between cut and uncut plots for each spe- mean number of species in the overstory 0.2-ha plots;and beta di- cies using contrast analysis (SAS Institute Inc. 1989), For a more versify, the amount of species compositional change in plots) and detailed assessment of partial cutting effects, I then blocked plots data distribution (skewness and coefficient of variation) for both by site and determined the effect of cutting intensity on the abun- plots and species were determined. The data were tested for outli- dance for each plant species. C 2001 NRC Canada 2072 Can.J. For. Res.Vol. 31,2001 Table 2. Species diversity measures and data distribution for the full data set (146 plant species), re- duced data set (101 plant species), vascular plants, herbaceous plants, and shrubs. Data distribution Species diversity measures" Coefficient of variation (%) Skewness Total of Total of Plot Species Data set Gamma Alpha Beta E H' plots species mean mean Full t46 31.3 4.67 0.66 2.27 33.10 314.51 6.67 5.60 Reduced^ 101 30.6 3.30 0.82 2.80 31.95 75.46 3.51 4.42 Vascular 56 14.7 3.81 0.66 1.77 50.83 221.75 4.56 5.40 Herb' 41 9,2 4.46 0.70 1.48 65.30 188.25 4.01 5.37 Shrub' 15 5.5 2.73 0.53 0.90 70.05 191.93 2.92 5.47 'Gamma diversity is the total number of plant species in the study,alpha diversity is the mean number of species In the overstory 02-ha plots,beta diversity is the amount of species compositional change in plots,evenness(E). ffiln(richness),from pielou(t975), diversity(WI=-I(p,In(pd),where p,is the Importance probability in element I. from Shannon and Weaver(1949) The reduced data set Included only species found on three ar more plots The herb data set included hetbaceaus plants and ferns ''Hie shrub data set included woody shrubs and tree seedlings Results Fig.2.The species richness of all plants (a) and vascular plants only(6) as a function of cutting intensity. The reported R2 and p Species diversity values are for the 55 partially cut plots only. The full data set had high species richness with 146 plant s0- (a) • species found on the 73 partially cut and uncut plots (Ta- All Plants ble 2). Species richness was highly variable among stands, t • ranging from 19 to 48 species in cut plots at recently hat- 40 - r vested sites (Margarita Bay and Thomas Bay, respectively) • • •j• • and from 18 to 42 species in cut plots at older sites (Sarkar and Weasel Cove, respectively). The vascular plant data set •• •t also was species rich, particularly for the relatively species- • • t• poor forest plant communities of southeast Alaska; it con- 20 - • tained 56 species of shrubs, ferns, tree seedlings, and herba- p ceous plants (Table 2). p• The removal of species occurring in fewer than three plots 10 R'-0.111 rn resulted in a reduced data set of 101 species. Overall, the re- co p-0.137 duced data set had substantially reduced variability in spe- 73 cies abundance (E and H' measures), with only slightly en 00 20 40 60 80 100 reduced plot species richness (alpha diversity, Table 2). The N data distribution for the full data set had highly variable spe- C 25 - (b) cies abundance with an average skewness of 6.67 and 5.60 Vascular Plants for plots and species, respectively (Table 2). The coefficient A of variation for plots was relatively low (33%), but very high E 20 ' for species (314%) reflecting the high variability in species abundance. The herb and shrub data sets (vascular plants) Z .• '• _--also had high variation in species abundance (high coeffi- 15 -•�'_ �r- cient of variation and skewness). The reduced data reduced • _ the variability of species abundance and strengthened the re- 10� lationship between plots and species composition. This re- duced data set was therefore used for all additional analyses • of plant community structure. 5 - • • Species richness was highly variable among stands, but RI a0.020 after accounting for differences in species composition by p-0.36x blocking by site, I found no significant difference in species 60 20 40 80 80 100 richness between the uncut and partially cut plots (p = 0.295). I also found no significant difference (p m 0.263) in Percent Basal Area Cut the species richness of vascular plants between the uncut and partially cut plots. Species richness of all plants decreased cutting intensity(Fig.2b)but the relationship was not signif- with increasing cutting intensity (Fig. 2a), but the relation- icant (R2 = 0.020, p = 0.362). The species richness of all ship was weak (R2 = 0.111,p = 0.137). Species richness of plants and vascular plants was similar among the uncut and vascular plants alone also decreased slightly with increasing partially cut plots, and neither partial cutting nor the inten- t 2001 NRC Canada Deal 2073 Fig. 3. The plant community structure in species space from non-metric mulaidimensional sealing for the 73 uncut and partially cut plots. See Table I for definition of site codes. • Uncut 1.5 YK Am r //�\ /+ _ YQ LLr Mlt �0. / \ cut [ y[ It 4m m 46 A • Q N N 0,5 — 4utt ra rr n. r � Q n sea Cr ist t5, A AP r r ` II�t /OQu �\ Ad -0.5 _ S`°�T d�Q�—aQaa SN o U. AN Alt 'Q Qxn nab' •" -1.5 — Q I I I I I I I I -1.5 -0.5 0.5 1.5 Axis 1 sity of cutting led to significant changes in plant species Table 3. The effect of cutting intensity on plant community richness. structure. MRPP Plant community structure Cutting treatment comparisons (n) probabilities The NMS ordination of plots showed that species compo- All uncut plots (18) vs.all partially cut plots (55) 0.110 sition and abundance (plant community structure) was simi- Recent° uncut plots (5) vs. recent cut plots (16) 0.965 lar in the uncut and partially cut plots (Fig. 3). The cut and Older uncut plots(13) vs. older cut plots (39) 0.066 uncut plots frequently ermined together by stand, and in Recent uncut plots(5) vs. recent cut plots with 0.995 some stands all plots formed tight clusters (e.g., SB, PB, 1-25% of stand BA cut (6) KL, and WC; Fig. 3) indicating that plant communities were Older uncut plots (13) vs. older cut plots with 0.559 often more similar within stands than among stands. MRPP 1-25%of stand BA cut (5) analysis also showed no significant differences in plant corn- Recent uncut plots(5) vs. recent cut plots with 0.761 munity structure between the partially cut and uncut plots 26-50%of stand BA cut (6) (p = 0.110; Table 3). Older uncut plots (13) vs. older cut plots with 0.120 Recently cut plots harvested 12-38 years ago, and not yet 26-50% of stand BA cut (16) in the canopy closure—stem exclusion stage,did not signifi- Recent uncut plots(5) vs. recent cut plots with 0.039 cantly differ in community structure from the uncut plots 51-99% of stand BA cut(4) (p=0.965; Table 3). In contrast,plots harvested 53-96 years Older uncut plots (13) vs. older cut plots with 0.029 ago, and past the normal onset of canopy closure, appeared 51-99% of stand BA cut (18) to have somewhat different plant community structure than Sale:The multi-response permutation procedure(MRPP)probabilities the uncut plots(p=0.066; Table 3). However, the apparently arc the probability of no difference in plant community strvcttae between different response in recently harvested versus older sites the respective groups of uncut and partially cut plots BA,basal area was largely explained by the effect of cutting intensity. The Recent sites include sites harvested t2-38 years ago;older sites light (1-25% BA) and medium (26-50% BA) cutting inten- include sites harvested 53-96 years ago sity plots were similar to the uncut plots for both the re- cently harvested and older sites, and they did not differ (p - 0.039 and 0.029, respectively; Table 3). Overall, plant significantly in community structure from the uncut plots communities were similar between the uncut and partially (p = 0.995, 0.559, 0.761, and 0.120, respectively; Table 3). cut plots but the intensity of cutting appeared to cause sig- However, the heavy cutting intensity plots (>50% BA)had a nificant changes in plant community structure. significantly different plant community structure than the Most stand and environmental variables, including stand uncut plots for both the recently harvested and older sites density measures such as basal area and crown competition . C 200t NRC Canada 2074 Can.J. For. Res. Vol. 31,2001 Table 4. The correlation coefficient (r) and cumulative coed- between the uncut and partially cut plots (p >. 0.085, 0.187, cient of determination (R2) of stand and environmental variables 0.345, and 0.780, respectively). Herbaceous cover varied and species variables with NMS ordination axes. greatly among stands and within different plot cutting inten- R2, both sities, and significant relationships with plant abundance and cutting intensity were generally not apparent (Fig. 4). How- r, axis I r, axis 2 axes ever, the herb Lysichiron atnericanum (skunk cabbage) and Stand and environmental variables the fern Dryopieris expansa (shield fern) showed different Time since cutting 0.043 0.361 0.132 responses to cutting. The cover of skunk cabbage was signif- Elevation -0.432 0.022 0.187 icantly lower in the partially cut plots than in the uncut plots Current stand BA 0.131 0.158 0.042 (p <: 0.001). Skunk cabbage was uncommon and was found CCP' -0.285 0.292 0.166 only on IS plots (about 25% of plots in the study). Skunk Total stems -0.567 0.125 0337 cabbage is a recognized indicator of wet soil conditions % spruce 0.551 -0.145 0.325 (Klinka et al. 1989), and its presence and abundance are % hemlock -0.517 0.212 0.312 probably more related to wet microsites than cutting treat- °/other species 0.038 -0.177 0.033 ment. Cover for shield fern was significantly higher (p = Stand BA cut 0.193 0.076 0.043 0.010) in the partially cut plots compared with the uncut Stand BA uncut -0.130 -0.037 0.018 plots, and cover significantly increased with increasing cut- / of stand cut 0.174 0.127 0,046 ting intensity (p = 0.005; Fig. 4). Species variables The shrub l'accininni ovalijoliwn (blueberry) occurred in Aihyrium jt/ic femino (fern) 0.649 -0.135 0.439 70 of the 73 plots and showed a significant decrease (p = Captis asplenfalia(herb) -0.058 -0.357 0.131 0.008) in mean cover in the partially cut plots compared Carnes canadensis(herb) -0.208 -0.484 0278 with the uncut plots. After accounting for differences in Dovpterts expanse, (fern) 0.250 -0.161 0.089 abundance by blocking by site, I found that blueberry cover Gtmmacarptum drpopieris (rem) 0.645 -0.191 0.453 also significantly decreased with increasing cutting intensity Lrstc/tiion aniericanum (herb) -0.035 -0339 0.116 (p= 0.020; Fig. 4). There was no significant difference (p = Oplapanar Irorrid's (shrub) 0.638 -0.324 0.512 0.426) in cover of the shrub I'acciniun parvijalium between Rhylidiade)phus horns (moss) -0.603 0.019 0.364 the uncut and partially cut plots. Rebus pedalos(herb) -0.100 -0.324 0.115 Tiarella ',Ohm (herb) 0.519 -0.210 0.314 Iacdnium ova/rfolinm (shrub) -0.525 -0.306 0369 Discussion I'acclaium pang/a/1nnm (shrub) -0.336 -0.051 0.116 Community composition and structure Note: The ordination was rotated to align the variable '(crest type" The species richness of these partially cut stands is rela- (major oveniory tree species based on plant association)with the first lively high and comparable to levels reported for other old- axls. Species selected were either important species for deer forage or were species highly correlated with ordination axes BA.basal area growth stands in the region(Alaback 1982a, 1982b; Alaback °CCF,crown competition factor=tr(maximum crown width) • and Juday 1989; Hanley and Hoel 1996; Hanley and Brady 1001(4 ^ 10000)(Knjicek et al 1961),where maximum crown width- 1997). I found no significant differences in species richness t 07+0 334(D°'a'')for southeast Alaska(Farr et al t989),and D is tree between the uncut and partially cut plots in this study. The diameter high species richness and abundance of understory plants in partially cut stands is very different from the typical plant understories found in stands developing after clear-cutting. factor, were poorly correlated with the first two axes of the The loss of biodiversity following clear-cutting is well docu- NMS ordination(Table 4). However, stem density was nega- mented in southeast Alaska (Wallmo and Schoen 1980; lively associated with axis 1 and explained the greatest Schoen et al. 1988; Yeo and Peek 1992; Hanley 1993)and is amount of variation for both ordination axes (R2 = 0.337; closely associated with the rapid development of conifers Table 4). Stem density was closely related to the proportion (Alaback 19826, 1984; Deal and Farr 1994). Canopy closure of hemlock in the stand, and species composition and abun- and the decline in plant abundance during the ensuing stem dance appeared to differ among densely stocked hemlock- exclusion stage of stand development (Oliver and Larson dominated stands and lighter stocked spruce-dominated 1990) is extremely intense and can last for over 100 years in stands. Canopy coverage of a few dominant understory spe- southeast Alaska. Alaback (1982a) found that stands had cies (e.g., Oplopanax horrid's and Naccininm oval fotiont) very species-poor plant understories 40-90 years after clear- was closely associated with overstory tree composition(for- cutting. I also found significant differences in plant commu- est type). Oplopanax was a frequent associate with Sitka nity structure between the uncut plots and the heavy cutting spruce, and l"accininnt was a common associate with west- intensity plots. However, these differences in community em hemlock. Two ferns (Athyrium ftlixfeutina and structure after partial cutting were relatively small compared Gymnocarpium dryopteris) also showed strong associations with the virtual elimination of shrubs and herbaceous plants with Sitka spruce. that occurs after clear-cutting. Some of the important plant species for deer forage . Abundance of important plant species for deer forage showed slight reductions in cover following partial cutting. I did not find any significant difference in four of the five However, five of the eight most important species had no most important herbs for deer forage (Coptis asplenijalia, significant changes in abundance,two species decreased and Corpus canadensis, Rebus pedants, and Tiarella trtfoliata) one species increased in abundance following partial cutting. C 2001 NRC Canada Deal 2075 Fig. 4. The mean cover for eight plant species important for deer forage as a function of cutting intensity. The reported R' and p val- ues are for the partially cut plots only. Is Is Coptis asplenifolla Cornus canadens/s W 10• n'-0.099 n'-0.039 p-0.4 p-0129 • • 5 5. • • p 0 7 0 70 40 W W IW 0 70 40 W 00 100 m Rubus pedatus 0 Tiareila trifoliate •Is • e+.0.097 • • R'40.001 p-Ot79 p-0.599 0 10 O 5 • %m.o 6 ~ �1L 0 /O 0 !0 •• 40 W W 100 a 70 40 W W 100 (,) 70- . Dryopteris expanse 20' Lysichiton americanum • •0.007 g al n'is • R'-0.017 15 p-0,ta9 t) • • p-0.005 5 • - • • 10 •% 10• • 5 s • • 0 _,-0 • r •, 0• a 0 70 40 W W 100 0 20 40 a W 1W W- 1O' Vaccln/um ovallfo/lum Vacc/n/um parv/fo//um W•0.070 R'.0.013 W" • p•0.020 • • p-0.771 W • 5. p • wy 0 0 70 40 W W 100 0 20 40 W W 100 Percent Basal Area Cut Blueberry is a common shrub and art important food source abundance in stands 20-80 years after clear-cutting (clear- for Sitka black-tailed deer in southeast Alaska, and the sig- cutting data are from Alaback 1982b; Fig.5). In contrast,the niftcant decrease in blueberry abundance with increasing mean cover of blueberry in these partially cut plots was rela- cutting intensity may reduce available deer forage. However, Lively constant over time and did not show the pronounced the decrease in blueberry abundance after partial cutting is decrease in blueberry abundance during this stage of stand relatively small compared with the near elimination of development. understory shrubs and herbs that commonly occurs after Plant community structure appears resilient to partial cut- clear-cutting. Comparison of partially cut and clear-cut Ling within a moderate range of cutting intensity. Ordination stands shows the rapid peak and dramatic drop of blueberry and MRPP analyses showed that similar plant communities 02001 NRC Canada 2076 Can.J. For. Res.Vol. 31, 2001 rig. 5. Comparison of the abundance of Ibccinium ovolijo/ium in ture, especially as related to tree density and proportion of partially cut stands and in stands developing after clear-tuning western hemlock. The nine plots with the fewest plant spe- (clear-cutting data from Alaback 1982b). cies averaged more than 1300 trees/ha, almost twice the av- 40 a erage for all partially cut plots. In these species-poor understory plots,almost 90%of the trees were hemlock,and E —•— Clearcut all nine plots were well above the cut plot average (79% hemlock), Furthermore, the six plots with the fewest vascu- ''• 30 lar plants averaged almost 95% hemlock. It appears that e-- Partial cut these hemlock-dominated stands with large numbers of trees E u 20 have severely suppressed understory development. These • c species-poor understory plots had numerous, small-diameter C tu i s-- trees established soon after cutting. New tree regeneration 13 2 t-1110, ° ' 10 • was generally abundant on cut plots, and heavy cutting in- > tensity favored establishment of both hemlock and spruce f. trees. The establishment of new-tree cohorts was positively 0 --= related to the proportion of basal area cut, and new trees 0 20 40 60 80 100 were always established in plots with at least 50% or more of the basal area cut (Deal and Tappeiner 2001). Plots with Years Since Cutting more than 50% of the basal area removed had significantly different plant community structure than uncut plots, and develop for different cutting intensities within individual this cutting intensity level may be an important threshold for stands. Thus, the differences in plant communities among maintaining understory plant communities. The stands with stands do not appear to be attributable to cutting intensity. In large numbers of young-growth trees formed a dense new this study, species composition remained relatively un- cohort that suppressed shrubs and herbs. The development changed as stands developed after partial cutting. Species of a new cohort that suppresses understory vegetation has composition may be related to overstory tree composition been reported in other studies. In a coastal spruce—hemlock (Hanley and Hoel 1996; Deal 1997), site differences in soil stand in Oregon, Alaback and Herman (1988) found that the drainage(Hanley and Brady 1997; Bormann et al. 1995; Ver establishment of a second cohort of trees below the Hoef et al. 1988), or stand structures and other site-specific overstory severely suppressed the understory vegetation. factors (Alaback 1984; Deal and Tappeiner 2001). Overall, Deal and Far (1994) also found that thinning young hem- partial cutting maintained diverse and abundant plant under- lock—spruce stands promoted dense germination of stories comparable to the plant communities typically found understory conifers and prevented the establishment of other in old-growth stands. understory plants. Stand dynamics, tree species composition, The time since cutting did not have a significant effect on and stand structure are integral components of overstory- plant community structure, as older and more recently har- understory interactions and strongly influence understory vested stands had similar understories following partial cut- plant community structure. Ling. This was a surprising result considering the changes in The tree size structure of these partially cut stands may understories that normally occur following canopy closure in also be an important factor for maintaining understory plant older stands and the differences in harvesting methods be- diversity and abundance. The residual trees remaining after tween the older and more recently harvested sites. At the partial cutting grew rapidly and were a dominant component turn of the century most stands were cut with individual-tree of the current stand (Deal 1999). Immediately after cutting selection using hand-logging operations, which, since the there were few trees on these plots greater than 70 cm DOH, 1920s, have been replaced by cable-logging systems and these cut stands had very different tree size structures (Rakestraw 1981; Deal 1999). Clear-cutting has led to than the old-growth stands prior to cutting (Deal and marked changes in forest stand development but patterns of Tappeiner 2001). Sixty years after cutting, however, these understory plant development following clear-cutting are stands had similar numbers of large-sized (>100 cm DBH) similar with different harvesting systems. Alaback (1982a) trees compared with the old-growth stands, and these similar reported "no clear differences in understory development af- structures were largely a result of the growth of the medium- ter harvesting with various cable-logging systems" (e.g., A- diameter trees into the larger diameter classes. Following frame, high-lead, and skyline). Thus, the controlling factor partial cutting there is often a wide range of large and small for understory plant development appears to be the intensity trees left in the residual stands, and these stands develop and of cutting, and the time since cutting and specific harvesting form structurally complex, multilayered forest canopies. The systems appear less important. heterogeneous stand structures that develop after partial cut- ting are much more similar to old-growth stands than to the Overstory—understory interactions uniform young-growth stands that develop after clear- The reasons for differences in species composition and cutting. Alaback (1984) found that several structural differ- abundance in these partially cut stands appear complex and ences between old-growth stands and young-growth stands may be related to several factors, including tree species corn- were related to differences in canopy density and canopy position, stand density, and other site and environmental fac- structure. These stand structures may influence light levels tors. Plant community structure appears to be closely that are critical for understory plant development (Alaback associated with overstory tree composition and stand struc- 1984; Tappeiner and Alaback 1989). The presence of large C 200t NRC Canada Deal 2077 and small residual trees after partial cutting creates structural Angelstam, P.K. 1998. Maintaining and restoring biodiversity in heterogeneity and complex overstory-understory interac- European boreal forests by developing natural disturbance re- tions, and these structures may be important for maintaining gimes.J. Veg. Sci. 9: 593-602. abundant and diverse understory plant communities. Amon, 1.T., and Reese, W.J. 1997. Alternatives to clearcutting in It is important to remember that these stands were cut to BC coastal montane forests. For. Chron. 73: 670-678. provide specific wood products such as spruce sawtimber Attiwill, P.M. 1994.The disturbance of forest ecosystems: the eco- and hemlock pilings, and cutting occurred without a goal of logical basis for conservation management. For. Ecol. Manage. maintaining understory species or the complex stand struc- 63: 247-300. tures found in old-growth forests. Nevertheless, I found that Aubry, K.B., Amaranthus, M.P., Halpern, C.B., White, J.D., these partially cut stands had high species diversity and Woodard, B.L., Peterson, C.E., Lagoudakis, C.A., and Horton, maintained understory plant abundance over a moderately Al.. 1999. Evaluating the effects of varying levels and patterns wide range of cutting intensity. Partial cutting may closely of green-tree retention:experimental design of the DEMO study. mimic the natural disturbance regime of southeast Alaska. Northwest Sci. 73(Spec. Issue): 12-26. This region is dominated by high frequency, low- to medium- Barrett,J.W. 1995. Regional silviculture of the United States.John magnitude wind disturbances (Harris 1989; Lertzman et al. Wiley & Sons, New York. Bormann, 1996; Nowacki and Kramer 1998). Large-scale catastrophic Eli, and Likens, G.E. 1979. Pattern and process in a events such as stand replacing fires are rare. Frequently, forested ecosystem: disturbance, development, and the steady some of the original stand remains after a blowdown, creat- state based on the Hubbard Brook ecosystem study. Springer- Verlag, New York. ing complex multiaged or uneven-aged stands. The complex Bormann, B.T., Spaltenstein, H., McClellan, M.11., Ugolini, EC., structures left after partial cutting may create conditions Cromack, K,and Na)-, S.M. 1995. Rapid soil development after similar to natural, low-intensity disturbances that are corn- wmdthrow disturbance in pristine forests.J.Ecol.83:747-757. mon in the region. Further investigation of mechanisms con- Bra dy', W.W., and Hanley, T.A. 1984. The role of disturbance in trolling stand responses to partial cutting appears warranted old-growth forests: some theoretical implications for southeast- to improve understanding and to develop management em Alaska.In Proceedings of the Symposium:Fish and Wildlife guidelines for new silvicultural systems in southeast Alaska. Relationships in Old-Growth Forests, 12-15 Apr. 1982, Juneau, Alaska. Edited by W.R. Meehan, T.R. Merrell, Jr., and T.A. Acknowledgements Hanley. American Institute of Fishery Research Biologists, Morehead City, N.C. pp. 213-218. This project is a contribution from the USDA Forest Ser- Christensen, N.L. 1989. Landscape history and ecological change. vice study Alternatives to Clearcutting in the Old-Growth .1. For. Mist. 33: 116-124. Forests of Southeast Alaska, a joint effort of the Pacific Clarke, K.R. 1993. Non-parametric multivariate analyses of Northwest Research Station, the Alaska Region, and the changes in community structure. Aust. J. Ecol. 18: 117-143, Tongass National Forest. I thank my field crew and research Coates, K.D., and Burton, P.J. 1997. A gap-based approach for de- associates, David Bassett, Ellen Anderson, Louise Yount, velopment of silvicultural systems to address ecosystem man- and Pat Palkovic. I am grateful for the review of earlier ver- agement objectives. For. Ecol. Manage. 99: 337-354. sions of this paper from John Tappeiner, Steve Tesch, Pat Connell, 3.1-1., and Slatyer, R.O. 1977. Mechanisms of succession Muir, Bruce McCune, Tom Hanley, and Matt Kirchhoff. in natural communities and their role in community stability and organization. Am. Nat. 1II: 1119-1114. Daubenmire, R. 1959. A canopy coverage method of vegetation References analysis. Northwest Sci. 33:43-64. 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Oregon State University, Forestry Research Lab- Deal,R.L., and Fan-, W.A. 1994.Composition and development of oratory, Corvallis, Oreg. pp, 70-79. conifer regeneration in thinned and unthinned natural stands of Alaback, P.B. 1984. A comparison of old-growth forest structure in western hemlock and Sitka spruce in southeast Alaska. Can.J. the western hemlock-Sitka spruce forests of southeast Alaska. For. Res. 24: 976-984. In Proceedings of the Symposium: Fish and Wildlife Relation- Deal, R.L., Oliver, C.D., and Bormann, WT. 1991. Reconstruction ships in Old-Growth Forests, 12-15 Apr. 1982,Juneau, Alaska. of mixed hemlock-spruce stands in coastal southeast Alaska. Edited by W.R. Meehan, T.R. Merrell, Jr., and T.A. Hanley. Can. 1. For. Res, 21: 643-654. American Institute of Fishery Research Biologists, Morehead Deal, R.L., and Tappeiner,J.C.2001. 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PNW-GTR-25. couver, B.C. Harris, A.S., Hutchinson, O.K., Meehan, W.R., Swanston, D.W., Rakestraw, L. 1981. A history of the United States Forest Service Helmers,A.E.,Hendee,IC., and Collins, TM, 1974.The forest in Alaska. Alaska Historical Commission and the USDA Forest ecosystem of southeast Alaska, I: the setting. USDA For. Serv, Service, Anchorage, Alaska. Gen. Tech. Rep, PNW-GTR-12. Rose, C. 1984, Response of deer to forest succession on Annette Hermon, P.E., Hansen, E,M., and Shaw, C,G., III. 1990. Causes of Island, southeastern Alaska. in Proceedings of the Symposium: basal scars on CJramaeetparis nootkatensis in southeast Alaska. Fish and Wildlife Relationships in Old-Growth Forests, 12-15 Northwest Sci, 64: 45-54. Apr. 1982, Juneau, Alaska. Edited by W.R. Meehan, T.R Henry,J.D., and Swan,J.M.A. 1974. Reconstructing forest history Merrell,Jr., and T.A. Hanley. American Institute of Fishery Re- from live and dead plant material-an approach to the study of search Biologists, Morehead City, N.C. pp. 219-226. forest succession in southwest New Hampshire_ Ecology, 55: SAS Institute Inc. 1989. SAS/STAT user's guide, version 6,4th ed. 772-783. SAS Institute Inc, Cary, N.C. Kimmey,J.W. 1956.Cull factors for Sitka spruce,western hemlock Schoen,1.W„ and Kirchhoff, M.D. 1990. Seasonal habitat use by and western redcedar in southeast Alaska. USDA For. Serv. Sitka black-tailed deer on Admiralty Island, Alaska. J. Wildl. Alaska For. Res. Stn. Stn. Pap. 6. Manage. 54: 371-378. Kirchhoff. M.D., and Hanley, T.A. 1992. A quick cruise method Schoen, J.W., Kirchhoff, M.D., and Hughes, J.H. 1988. Wildlife for assessing winter range in southeast Alaska. USDA For. Serv. and old-growth forests in southeastern Alaska. Nat, Areas.1. 8: Region Io Habitat Hotline 92.1. 138-145. C 2001 NRC Canada Deal 2079 Shannon, C.E., and Weaver, W. 1949. The mathematical theory of ration gradient analysis of two sites in southeast Alaska. North- communication. University of Illinois Press, Urbana. III. west Sci. 62: 171-179. Snedecor, G.W., and Cochran, W.G. 1980. Statistical Methods, 7th Wallmo,O.C.,and Schoen,J.W. 1980.Response of deer to second- ed. The Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, art forest succession in southeast Alaska.Ecology,26:448-462. Tappeiner, J.C., and Alaback, P.O. 1989. Early establishment and Whittaker, R.H. 1953. A consideration of climax theory: the eh- vegetative growth of understory species in the western max as a population and pattern. Ecol. Monogr. 23: 41-78. hemlock-Sitka spruce forests in southeast Alaska.Can.J. Not. White, P.S. 1979. Pattern,process,and natural disturbance in vege- 67: 318-326. tation. Not, Rev. 45: 229-299. USDA Forest Service. 1997. Record of decision for Tongass Na- Yeo, J.F., and Peek, J.M. 1992. Habitat selection by female Sitka tional Forest land and resource management plan revision, black-tailed deer in logged forests of southeastern Alaska. 1. Alaska, USDA For. Serv. RIO-MN-338a. Wildl. Manage. 56: 253-261. Ver 11ocf,LM., Neiland, N.1., and Glenn-Lewin, D.C. 1988.Vega- C.2001 NRC Canada KODIAK ISLAND BOROUGH WORK SESSION Work Session of: li10 Please PRINT your name Please PRINT you jr name ( AkYril 11V001-v* \ S4 \-- wOviova 4 iikak( IN: Da id srog---?? •N vA Wk CFAS --„sv v <c) \\Ci Sec 3.35.02 Property subject to tax: Adds emphasis to taxability of possessory interest and moves definitions of real and personal property from Sec 35.030 which is renamed Real and Personal Property exempt from taxation (previously . definitions) Sec 3.35.030. Real and personal property exempted from taxation. Lists the required exemptions (federal, state, city properties and ANSCA properties and re- emphasizes the tax on possessory interest. Lists other mandatory exemptions based on State statutes and adds requirements for property owners to provide the assessor documentation supporting their exempt status. Outlines rules for exemption of vacant land. Gives defining criteria for community purpose exemptions. Sec 3.35.040. Method of exemption. Brings the definition of "fair value" in line with state statutes full and true value definition. Adds discussion of PP notices to last reported owner of record. Again adds emphasis on taxation of possessory interest. Adds confidentiality clause to protect information given the assessor with expectation of confidentiality from being publicly dissemination. Adds date of mailing of notices to last day of February. Codifies the informal appeal period to the assessor as the 30 days in which property owners can appeal to BOE. Sec 3.35.050. No changes. Sec 3.35.060 Final and supplemental assessment rolls. Adds date for certification of roll as 15 days after BOE certification. Emphasizes that once certified the values are valid and binding. Clarifies supplementary roll to be omitted properties from original roll. 3.35.100 Correction of errors. Makes formal statement no changes may be made after BOE certification except errors of omission and manifest clerical errors. Defines manifest clerical errors. 3.40.010 Property subject to taxation (personal) further defines personal property and emphasizes possessory interest in PP. Sec 3.40.020 Exemptions. Notes the $20,000 exemption on PP is for those taxpayers that file a return. 3.40.030 Assessment return. Adds minor changes to requirements of return (date of manufacture) and request for and allowance of 30 day extension. Under paragraph D adds state wording making the force file prima facie evidence. Sec 3.40.040 Rewrites tax situs of personal property to be more understandable I hope). Sec 3.40.050 Liability for and collection of taxes. Added personal taxes and the right of borough to seek payment by all methods available under law. Sec 3.040.060 Penalties and interests. This section deals only with p&I on personal property accounts. Stricter penalties are sought for failure to file ($300) and knowingly making a false statement to avoid taxes ($1000). Kodiak Island Borough Assembly Work Session Thursday, December 12, 2013, 7:30 p.m., Borough Conference Room Work Sessions are informal meetings of the Assembly where Assembly members review the upcoming regular meeting agenda packet and seek or receive information from staff. Although additional items not listed on the work session agenda are discussed when introduced by the Mayor, Assembly, or staff, no formal action is taken at work sessions and items that require formal Assembly action are placed on regular Assembly meeting agenda. Citizen's comments at work sessions are NOT considered part of the official record. Citizen's comments intended for the"official record"should be made at a regular Assembly meeting. CITIZENS' COMMENTS (Limited to Three Minutes per Speaker) ITEMS FOR DISCUSSION 1. Strategic Plan a. Planning and Zoning Goals and Objectives —Community Development b. Emergency Services Planning— Community Development 2. Assembly Member Liaisons to Rural Communities Process PACKET REVIEW Amendment No. 1 to Contract No. FY2014-02 PUBLIC HEARING Between the Kodiak Island Borough and the Ordinance No. FY2014-10 Amending Various Kodiak Island Convention and Visitors Bureau Sections in Title 3 Revenue and Finance for Destination Marketing and Tourism Chapter 3.35 Real Property Tax and Chapter 3.40 Personal Property Tax. Development Services for FY2014. Ordinance No. FY2014-01B Amending RESOLUTIONS Ordinance No. FY2014-01 by Amending Resolution No. FY2014-21 Accepting the Budgets to Account for Various Revenues That Recommendation of the Planning and Zoning Are Over Budget, Provide for Additional Commission by Approving the Disposal of a Expenditures, and Move Funds Between Portion of Block 16, Port Lions Subdivision First Projects. Addition, Comprising Approximately 1.51 Acres UNFINISHED BUSINESS — None. NEW BUSINESS of Borough Land, for Less Than Fair Market CONTRACTS Value (P&Z Case 14-009, Native Village of Port Contract No. 1997-13A Kodiak Fisheries Lions). Research Center (KFRC) Supplemental Lease ORDINANCES FOR INTRODUCTION Agreement No. 5 with GSA. Ordinance No. FY2014-01 C Amending Contract No. FY2014-21 Construction Ordinance No. FY2014-01 by Amending the Administration Services for Kodiak Fisheries Budgets for the Landfill Lateral Expansion Research Center Ventilation Modifications Project Phase III Due To Increased Project Cost Project KFRC Ventilation. Estimates. Contract No. FY2014-22 Kodiak Fisheries OTHER ITEMS Research Center Ventilation Modifications Confirmation of the Assembly Appointments to Project. the Citizens Board of Equalization, Mission Lake Contract No. FY2009-11C Collective Bargaining "Tidegate" Service Area Board, and Personnel Agreement with the International Brotherhood of Advisory Board. Electrical Workers Local 1547. MANAGER'S COMMENTS CLERK'S COMMENTS MAYOR'S COMMENTS ASSEMBLY MEMBERS COMMENTS Kodiak Island Borough .fFf MEMORANDUM TO: Honorable Mayor and Assembly Members of the Kodiak Island Bork{* THROUGH: Bud Cassidy, Borough Manager �C7� FROM: Karleton Short, Finance Director SUBJECT: Strategic Plan DATE: December 9, 2013, 2013 At the last work session Borough staff presented a new format for a strategic plan and provided a draft of the Finance and IT functions. This week we will be presenting the Community Development and Emergency Preparedness functions. Two new columns have been added. The first one is a field for a timeline for completion and the second one is for the responsible department. You will notice that several functions do not have a description at this time nor very many goals. We wanted to show what we considered functions and the framework on how these would be broken out. As we go through this process the assembly may want to include new functions, split functions into more than one, or combine functions. We have included empty boxes for goals not yet thought of under the functions. The Assembly will probably want to add some goals or you may want to cross some proposed goals out. This gives the Assembly some workspace to add goals. �LANp ■ w QD Kodiak Island Borough %r, ° . .“ ...�r 'Na Q s9e{rp Stilt: G Strategic Leadership Plan ./ (411n1111:2 5-Year Goals for 2013-2017 6a4t r y , ALASKA`., ,f.°'T 1 ,Biiiiiih�b G overnancel4i, ..S , � , d% 1 a �f ; Responsible• t =gym`. _L ._._... a . - s Time Line Department Goal 1: To provide direction,through the Borough manager,on the operations of the Borough. Goal 2: To pass legislation to enhance the safety, health,education and enjoyment of Borugh Residents. Goal 3: Goal 4: Goal 5: Goal 6: Goal 7: Goal 8: Goal 8: Goal 9: 2 'FinanuafSlibilifilaitifbielaffecilie l Effectiveness r ` Tf e�K diakl'sland Borough'.will effectively manageethe financial resources our citizens provide fors Bo-rough ggpvernment Oii?staff willstrr veto.,deliverrexcelJentservices atathemost reasofible cost' Wewill;ensure that Borough residents receive real value for their tax dollars anB that{Borough • programs services annd capitallprojei`tslbenefitlthe'comn`i}mity as a whole We`lecognize that ours citizens demaridiaccouritablhty and adaptabili yespeciallyyvhen evaluating andapnontlzmg non Responsible essential services Time Line Department Goal 1: To provide an assessment program that produces fair and equitable assessments on all real and personal property and meets or exceeds state standards for assessments. Assessing Goal 2: To collect all Borough revenues,to include property and severance taxes,in a timely and efficient manner. Finance Goal 3: To avoid issuing debt to finance ongoing operations. Finance • Goal 4: Actively pursue outside revenue sources, particularly Federal and State Grants Finance Goal 5: To prepare accurate and timely financial reports in accordance with GFOA and GASB standards. Finance Goal 6: To budget the Borough's resource to provide the best essential services to the residents, at the lowest cost to our citizens. Finance Goal 7: Develop a comprehensive human resource strategy to include hiring capable employees, compensating our employees fairly,and providing proper education. Manager Goal 8: Maintain and improve our GIS system to help with the assessment of real property within the Borough. IT Goal 9: Invest Borough funds with the primary objective of safety,followed by availability of funds,and finally interest earnings. Finance 3'Infrastructure+andiFacilities -.�". Kodiak is a full serwce Borough thabdpera['andin einteinsfaFbroad+range of facilities a0-d'> 1 infrastructure ;Includmg'all+schoolibu,ldmgs,cntical�tojmeetmg community needs Berougfi;growth accompamed.by<the needfor,additional facilities and infrastructure•that are m the,best nterest of { Responsible I Time Line Department Goal 1: Plan and provide infrastructure and facilities essential to community growth. I JE/F Goal 2: Maximize existing facility and infrastructure life through sustainable maintenance programs. E/F Goal 3: Develop comprehensive,yet realistic,energy policies. IE/F Goal 4: To provide risk management through self insurance and insurance. (Finance 4 E O 1omiCAV tahty Ie } i +, '? 'k, +y a y i , Econom o dabtyfara,rom unity{s ca'paarri y folE economically4ompeftiver;resdienthand att acct e i i privatef nd,puhhc enterprise Thls requiresstrength to withstand¢he upsffand downs of an economic Responsible n,?7°' 't,fi- ,.,. n 1 at4 e r i 1/4° ?Time Line Department cycle_ ._..... . +_ Goal 1: 'Increase the non-residential property tax base by facilitating commercial and industrial development CDD Goal 2: 'Increase primary sector, non-Borough,employment in the Borough. ( Assembly Goal 3: Create an environment that fosters the recruitment and retention of young talent. Assembly 5:°Eilucatio il: • a i ' + * N c .a Provide Ella ucation to;our kids ndtadults isverylImportac r. ¢ � - , . ; n + Responsible Goal 1: To provide safe and functional facilities for the School District to teach our kids Elf Goal 2: 'To provide property and liability insurance to the school district I (Finance Goal 3: (Provide funds for the operation of the Kodiak Community College. 'Assembly Goal 4: Explore opportunities for additional trade school and apprentice programs 'Assembly .ts_r mix ,y '•"t't .: 6 C^o mmun yaDevelopm 'tit ' �, ' . .§:o`H: r -y r, KlBfprov esIarea w de"comprehensi ge,planningiand9land(aselregulations as requiredlby4sta_te laaw The?framework of,goalypohues and'implementation acuonstis,established m h adopted{K B ComprehensivtPlan<TeBaraugh strnvestotp owde these:servicesand{related functionslma°fainand. e quitablelmanner,Dmngso,benets,the generafhelth s fety,,and v lfare fehe c oemcomnounitiy;gars oawi th Responsible Preserve(andxenhanceipropertyvalue andpro idoppotunnesfor _ Time Line Department Goal 1: Maintain and update the island-wide comprehensive plan and land development regulations on a periodic basis. _ COD Goal 2: (Provide a fair and equitable system of enforcement of Borough codes. ( (CDD Goal 3: Complete the ongoing updates of the Borough Subdivision,Zoning, and Land Management ordinances that implement the Comprehensive Plan. CDD , Goal 4: Coordinate with other entities in the establishment of step down or neighborhood plans _(New Near Island Plan, Downtown Revitalization Plan, etc.). CDD Goal 5: Continue to use and improve our GIS system and other new technologies for planning our community. I/T Goal 6: Administer the Hazard Mitigation plan for the Borough and ensure that it is up to date in accordance with FEMA standards. COD Goal 7: Maintain the Kodiak Area Emergency Operations Plan and conduct annual reviews as required by the AK Division of Homeland Security. CDD Goal 8: Complete the ongoing updates of the Borough Subdivision, Zoning,and Land Management ordinances to implement the Comprehensive Plan. CDD Goal 9: Goal 10 7: ,Emergency-Preparedness: The,Boroughiprepares fo'r:emergeniy.s on both an area wide and nomarea wide;basis tolensure the; safety&our residents an 7 theu,prop'erty The'Borough`partiapates"in several emergency.` i Responsible rnanagementiprograms'and st pportstother avenuesthat,provide,these services'_ Time Line Department Goal 1: 1911-maintain an accurate 911 system f Ili Goal 2: Provide fire prevention, fire fighting, and Emergency Medical Technicians to Borough residents on a non-area wide basis. Fire Districts Goal 3: Homeland Security ICDD Goal 4: Engage and support the Local Emergency Planning Committee programs and functions. ICDO Goal 5: Maintain the Kodiak Area Emergency Operations plan and conduct annual reviews as required. CDD Goal 6: Prepare for all hazard emergencies through participation in table top and full scale emergency exercises. CDD Goal 7: Goal 8: 8 ilandtManarement The significant landtandiresourcebase of thelKo diak+lsland;8orough1istmanaged'as a trust for the! public 1The Eiornugh will develop?stiategles to identify and conserve these recou-rces io'maintaid Responsible gual=ny oNlife whrle,balannng the realities of growth`andttechnologidaljadvancesr ti.Time Line Department Goal 1: Pursue sound land and natural resource stewardship practices while minimizing adverse impacts on the physical environment. RM Goal 2: Generate revenue through leases,license agreements and land sales consistent with the Borough's financial goals and the Comprehensive Plan, in balance with the Borough's non- financial goals and the real estate market. RM Goal 3: Identify and retain/obtain land for public purposes such as open space,recreational areas,trails, rights-of-way, and public facilities. RM Goal 4: Employ prudent business practices and real property management principals in the public interest in the use, development, and/or disposal of Borough land. RM Goal 5: Utilize the most recent improvements in GIS and air photo technology to identify land features,wetlands,slopes,shorelines and drainages. RM Goal 6: Goal 7: 9:°Health Care_i Responsible 4 (Time Line Department Goal 1: 'Maintain a full service hospital. I 'Assembly Goal 2: Maintain a mental health facility. Assembly Goal 3: ITo maintain a Long term care center 'Assembly 1 Goal 4: (Contribution to local non-profits providing health services to Kodiak residents. I 'Assembly Goal5: Goal6: 40:Transportadon - z @;sue .. -_. . .._ ..w. _ ...... . . .. _ _ ,. .._ ... ._. .. ... Goal 1: Provide and maintain roads on a non-area wide basis. Service Districts Goal 2: 'Make sure that our ferry keeps running and that we can get a new one. 'Assembly Goal 3: 'To provide, or have the State provide,a intra Borough ferry system. I 'Assembly Goal 4: (Maintain a system of safe airports-we can only lobby for this I 'Assembly Goal 5: 'Make sure docks are available and usable(Anton Larson) I IE/r Goal6: I I I MAYOR'S APPOINTMENT OF ASSEMBLY REPRESENTATIVES TO BOARDS AND COMMITTEES Board or Committee Last Appointment Period This Appointment Period 10/2012-10/2013 10/2013-10/2014 Architectural Review Board, KIBC 2.125 Aaron Griffin Frank Peterson Economic Development Committee, KIBC 2.115 Jerome Selby Dave Kaplan Emergency Services Council, KIBC 2.110 Jerome Selby Jerrol Friend Fisheries Oceanic Research Board, KIBC 2.125 Jerome Selby Jerrol Friend Kodiak Workforce Regional Advisory Council, KIBC 2.155 Jerome Selby Carol Austerman Joint Building Code Review Committee, KIBC 15.45 Mel Stephens Aaron Griffin Kodiak College Council Dave Kaplan Frank Peterson Chris Lynch Jerrol Friend Kodiak Fisheries Work Group (Adhoc) Dave Kaplan Chris Lynch Louise Stutes Carol Austerman Kodiak Fisheries Advisory Committee, Res FY07-38 Louise Stutes Frank Peterson Parks and Recreation Committee, KIBC 2.120 Aaron Griffin Mel Stephens Project Advisory Committee (Zoning Code Revision), Res FY2011-08 Louise Stutes Project Ending Providence Health System Service Area Board, KIBC 8.05 Carol Austerman Mel Stephens School District Budget Advisory Committee Mel Stephens Aaron Griffin School District Facilities Review Committee Chris Lynch Chris Lynch School District Strategic Planning Committee Carol Austerman Carol Austerman Solid Waste Advisory Board, KIBC 2.145 Tuck Bonney Tuck Bonney City/Community/Village Representation City of Akhiok Dave Kaplan City of Old Harbor Tuck Bonney Chiniak Community Carol Austerman City of Ouzinkie Chris Lynch Karluk (IRA Tribal Council) Frank Peterson City of Port Lions Aaron Griffin City of Larsen Bay Mel Stephens S` f . v4-4,04-, .z ,=^'k x t +,r`'`a,+w u•*1\a" a,'.:.1-14t1)4-. - w�'u a -..17-...-.7-7,,.. 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R .a ri', ! 0:1, r 9i t ;i f' s E. + t u t s t st ,". r t$)10 a+ a5 --0-.. .. 1., -KodiaklslandlBorough y t.I „ ; 1•ti `;.t , (14: I '+ + ,p 1 44' /myFavorites I Financial Management I Maintenance ° Organization Inquiry /fit . . _._ _ . _. _.. s.:F. )..Fiscal • SummanzationLevel None -� „ . _� ...,., a Reclassification .1 '1 _ rill 100-Gen'• Account Type, [Expense .� . _ . :.-- .. , - _ ,, , - _ -, , , IL 000-F 1,11 I 100.100-General Fund,Legislative Fiscal Year:2014 Il. 010-C it Budget $181,850.00 Encumbrances $1,584.00 Expenses $55,187.53 Balance $125,078.47 Percent Used 31 % IE!J 100-L t' 122=noratm Description I Amended Budget l s , Ex pen sesi Remaining Balance Peecentused No rest ° It! 105-E 1. 1.1! .1410 Mayoral Stipend $6,000.00, $0.00 $1,500.00 $4,500.00 25% tier 110-E1 1410.108 Assembly Stipend $25,200.00 $0.00 $6,300.00 $18,900.00. 25%' IH•! 115-F ti 420.110 Unemployment Taxes $0.00 $0.00. $0.00 $0.00 0% ICI 120-F j. 420.120 FICA Taxes $2,390.00 $0.00 8612.00 $1,778.00 26% IN:I 125-li . 420.130 Group Insurance $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 0%. ei 130-,t I! 420.140 Retirement $4,030.00. $0.00 $1,284.48 $2,745.52 32% Itl 135-E `1 1420.150 Workers Compensation $150.00 $0.00 $62.93 $87.07 42% a 140-C 1430.100 Political Lobbyist $71,500.001 $0.00 $19,000 00 $52,500.00 27% le 142-E It. 160-E 1430.101 Lobbying expense $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 0% It! 165-6 .430.170 .Contract Negotiators $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00. 0% ,Ilw•+ 172-F 450.100 Office Supplies $500.00 $0.00 $19.12 $480.88' 4%. toy 175-E 450.120 !'Printing/Binding $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00' 0% It! 100-9 450.140 Dues/Books/Period $20,000.00 50.00.. $10,458.05 $9,541.95 52%'. t! 185-h 450.200 Honorarium/Amenities $5,500.00 $0.00' $42149. $5,078.51 8%' It! 186-1 450.210 .Food/Business Lunch $6,680.00 $0.00 $1,030.33 $5,649.67 15%, It 190-E 450.220 Insur And Bonding $700.001 $0.00' $476.00 $224.00' 68% It! 191 -It - - 450.290 -Recruit/Relocation $0.00. $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 0%1 INi 195-T _. .. _ .. N. ERROI 450.300 .Travel/Per Diem $22,000 00 $1,188.00 $4,551.00 $16,261.00 26% tfru 200-Con 1450.301 Mayor Travel/Per Diem $14,000 00 $396 00_ $5.887.55 $7,716.45 45%, x201 -Edu I-145934° (Telephone $200.00 $0.00 $1.58 $19842 1%' a 205-COI 450.485 Town Meeting Costs $3,000.00 $0.00' $3,583.00 -$583.00 119%''' IC 208-Web' Il• 210-Lan' Ili+ 215 m ".-Kad ' + Governor's Capital Budget -Appropriations and Allocations (by department) (1196) FY2O15 Governor Agency Project Title Unrestricted Designated Other Federal Total Funds Gen(UGF) Gen(DGF) Funds Funds Department of Administration Enterprise Technology Services-UPS Replacement AP 1,200,000 0 0 0 1,200,000 for Juneau Data Center Motor Vehicle-Replace Outdated Information AP 0 900,000 0 0 900,000 Technology Infrastructure Motor Vehicle-Real-Time Driving Records AP 0 350,000 0 0 350,000 Deferred Maintenance,Renewal,Repair and AP 7.250.000 0 3,000,000 0 10,250,000 Equipment General Services Public Building Fund Buildings AL 3,250,000 0 3,000,000 0 6,250,000 Deferred Maintenance General Services Non-Public Building Fund Deferred AL 1,000,000 0 0 0 1,000,000 Maintenance State of Alaska Telecommunications System(SATS) AL 3,000,000 0 0 0 3,000,000 Deferred Maintenance,Year 5 of 5 Department of Administration Subtotal 8,450,000 1,250,000 3,000,000 0 12,700,000 Department of Commerce, Community, and Economic Development Community Block Grants AP 60,000 0 0 6,000,000 6,060,000 Economic Development Initiative AP 400,000 0 0 0 400,000 Nutritional Alaskan Foods for Schools AP 3,000,000 0 0 0 3,000,000 Alaska Energy Authority-Susitna-Watana AP 10,000,000 0 0 0 10,000,000 Hydroelectric Project Alaska Energy Authority-Bulk Fuel Upgrades AP 5,800,000 0 0 1,500,000 7,300,000 Alaska Energy Authority-Renewable Energy Projects AP 0 20,000,000 0 0 20,000,000 Round Seven Alaska Energy Authority-Rural Power Systems AP 4,000,000 0 0 1,120,000 5,120,000 Upgrades Alaska Energy Authority-Rural Power Distribution AP 700,000 0 0 0 700,000 Project-Kwigillingok Alaska Energy Authority-Rural Power Distribution AP 750,000 0 0 0 750,000 Project-Tuntutuliak Alaska Energy Authority-Electrical Emergencies AP 330,000 0 0 0 330,000 Program Alaska Energy Authority-Energy Plan Implementation AP 500,000 0 0 0 500,000 Alaska Industrial Development and Export Authority- AP 8,500,000 0 0 0 8,500,000 Ambler Mining District Access Project Alaska Railroad Corporation-Positive Train Control AP 0 15,000,000 0 0 15,000,000 Fairbanks North Star Borough-Heating Device Air AP 2,000,000 0 0 0 2,000,000 Quality Mitigation Kotzebue-Swan Lake Small Boat Harbor AP 2,500,000 0 0 0 2,500,000 State of Alaska Released December 12,2013 Office of Management and Budget Page 1 of 16 Governor's Capital Budget -Appropriations and Allocations (by department) (1196) FY2015 Governor Agency Project Title Unrestricted Designated Other Federal Total Funds Gen(UGF) Gen(DGF) Funds Funds Department of Commerce, Community, and Economic Development Matanuska-Susitna Borough-Bogard Road Extension AP 5,000,000 0 0 0 5,000,000 East Matanuska-Susitna Borough-Rail Extension to Pori AP 5,000,000 0 0 0 5,000,000 MacKenzie Whittier-Shotgun Cove Road AP 2,000,000 0 0 0 2.000,000 Alaska Air Carriers Association,Inc.-Medallion AP 250,000 0 0 0 250,000 Foundation Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium-Alaska Rural AP 500,000 0 0 0 500,000 Utilities Collaborative Expansion Arctic Power-Arctic Energy Issues AP 250,000 0 0 0 250,000 Arctic Winter Games State Team Alaska-State AP 485,000 0 0 0 485,000 Participation Grant Blood Bank of Alaska-Facilities and Services AP 0 7,000,000 0 0 7,000,000 Expansion Project Inter-Island Ferry Authority AP 500,000 0 0 0 500,000 Marine Exchange of Alaska-Alaska Vessel Tracking AP 600,000 0 0 0 600,000 System Upgrades and Expansion National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska Impact Grant AP 0 0 0 2,800,000 2,800,000 Program Department of Commerce,Community,and Economic 53,125,000 42,000,000 0 11,420,000 106,545,000 Development Subtotal Department of Corrections Deferred Maintenance,Renewal, Repair and AP 5,000,000 0 0 0 5,000,000 Equipment Eagle River-Combined Hiland Mountain AL 205,000 0 0 0 205,000 Correctional Center Deferred Maintenance Seward-Spring Creek Correctional Center Deferred AL 400,000 0 0 0 400,000 Maintenance Nome-Anvil Mountain Correctional Center Deferred AL 150,000 0 0 0 150,000 Maintenance Kenai-Wldwood Correctional Center Deferred . AL 1,045,000 0 0 0 1,045,000 Maintenance Sutton-Palmer Correctional Center Deferred AL 550,000 0 0 0 550,000 Maintenance Fairbanks-Fairbanks Correctional Center Deferred AL 700,000 0 0 0 700,000 Maintenance Bethel-Yukon-Kuskokwim Correctional Center AL 250,000 0 0 0 250,000 Deferred Maintenance Anchorage-Anchorage Correctional Complex AL 800,000 0 0 0 800,000 Deferred Maintenance State of Alaska Released December 12,2013 Office of Management and Budget Page 2 of 16 e • Governor's Capital Budget -Appropriations and Allocations (by department) (1196) FY2O15 Governor Agency Project Title Unrestricted Designated Other Federal Total Funds Gen(UGF) Gen(DGF) Funds Funds Department of Corrections Juneau-Lemon Creek Correctional Center Deferred AL 900,000 0 0 0 900,000 Maintenance Department of Corrections Subtotal 5,000,000 0 0 0 5,000,000 Department of Education and Early Development State Library,Archives and Museum Facility AP 15,000,000 0 0 0 15,000,000 Construction Funding Kwethluk K-12 Replacement School-Kasayulie AP 0 31,516,900 0 0 31,516,900 Alaska Digital Teaching Initiative Three-Year AP 5,000,000 0 0 0 5,000,000 Demonstration Project Mt. Edgecumbe High School Deferred Maintenance AP 1,700,000 0 0 0 1,700,000 Department of Education and Early Development 21,700,000 31,516,900 0 0 53,216,900 Subtotal Department of Environmental Conservation Village Safe Water and Wastewater Infrastructure AP 8,750,000 0 500,000 42,250,000 51,500,000 Projects First Time Service Projects AL 5,250,000 0 300,000 25,350,000 30,900,000 Expansion,Upgrade, and Replacement of Existing AL 3,500,000 0 200,000 16,900,000 20,600,000 Service Drinking Water Capitalization Grant-Subsidy Funding AP 0 0 2,526,300 0 2,526,300 Clean Water Capitalization Grant-Subsidy Funding AP 0 0 563,200 0 563,200 Municipal Water,Sewage,and Solid Waste Facilities AP 14,558,203 0 0 0 14,558,203 Grants(AS 46.03.030) Juneau Water Treatment Improvements AL 1,030,000 0 0 0 1,030,000 Sitka Water and Sewer Improvements-Monastery AL 789,705 0 0 0 789,705 and Baranof Sitka Water and Sewer Improvements-Hollywood AL 571,630 0 0 0 571,630 Way and Archangel (Kodiak Pump House Replacement AL 2,570,315 0 0 0 2,570,315 Anchorage Wastewater Disinfection Improvements AL 4,120,000 0 0 0 4,120,000 Kodiak Aleutian Homes Water and Sewer AL 3,044,465 0 0 0 3,044,465 Replacement I Sitka water and sewer improvements-Jed Davis AL bbb,54u u U U' bbb,b4U Street Petersburg Wastewater System Improvements AL 1,765,548 0 0 0 1,765,548 State of Alaska Released December 12,2013 Office of Management and Budget Page 3 of 16 Governor's Capital Budget -Appropriations and Allocations (by department) (1196) FY2015 Governor Agency Project Title Unrestricted Designated Other Federal Total Funds Gen(UGF) Gen(DGF) Funds Funds Department of Environmental Conservation Deferred Maintenance,Renewal, Repair and AP 200,000 0 0 0 200,000 Equipment Department of Environmental Conservation Subtotal 23,508,203 0 3,589,500 42,250,000 69,347,703 Department of Fish and Game Chinook Initiative AP 10,000,000 0 0 0 10,000,000 Intensive Game Management Research and AP 2,000,000 0 0 2,000,000 4,000,000 Implementation Habitat Enhancement for Wildlife AP 250,000 0 0 750,000 1,000,000 Sport Fish Recreational Boating Access AP 750,000 0 0 2,250,000 3,000,000 Storage Structures for Hunter Education and Shooting AP 0 0 200,000 600,000 800,000 Range Programs Facilities,Vessels and Aircraft Maintenance, Repair AP 500,000 0 0 0 500,000 and Upgrades Deferred Maintenance, Renewal,Repair and AP 1,400,000 0 0 0 1.400,000 Equipment Fairbanks Regional Office Compound AL 750,000 0 0 0 750,000 Statewide Fish Passages,Counting and Sampling AL 250,000 0 0 0 250,000 Sites,or Weir Facilities Statewide Warehouse and Workshop Facilities AL 250,000 0 0 0 250,000 Statewide Small Field Site and Camp Facilities AL 150,000 0 0 0 150,000 Department of Fish and Game Subtotal 14,900,000 0 200,000 5,600,000 20,700,000 Department of Health and Social Services Office of Children Services Safety Enhancements to AP 462,900 0 0 94,800 557,700 Offices,Facilities and Equipment Emergency Medical Services Match for Code Blue AP 500,000 0 0 0 500,000 Project MH Essential Program Equipment AP 250,000 0 250,000 0 500,000 MH Home Modification and Upgrades to Retain AP 750,000 0 300,000 0 1,050,000 Housing Non-Pioneer Home Deferred Maintenance, AP 3,000,000 0 0 18,946 3,018,946 Renovation,Repair and Equipment Dillingham Public Health Center Deferred AL 156,899 0 0 17,433 174,332 Maintenance Fairbanks Youth Facility Deferred Maintenance AL 344,610 0 0 0 344,610 Johnson Youth Center Deferred Maintenance AL 532,188 0 0 0 532,188 State of Alaska Released December 12,2013 Office of Management and Budget Page 4 of 16 Governor's Capital Budget -Appropriations and Allocations (by department) (1196) FY2O15 Governor Agency Project Title Unrestricted Designated Other Federal Total Funds Gen(UGF) Gen(DGF) Funds Funds Department of Health and Social Services Ketchikan Public Health Center Deferred AL 13,620 0 0 1,513 15,133 Maintenance Ketchikan Regional Youth Facility Deferred AL 132,350 0 0 0 132,350 Maintenance McLaughlin Youth Center Deferred Maintenance AL 1,013,654 0 0 0 1,013,654 Nome Youth Facility Deferred Maintenance AL 726,354 0 0 0 726,354 Emergent and Emergency Projects AL 80,325 0 0 0 80,325 Pioneer Homes Deferred Maintenance, Renovation, AP 4,000,000 0 0 0 4,000,000 Repair and Equipment Alaska Veterans and Pioneer Home Deferred AL 294,412 0 0 0 294,412 Maintenance Anchorage Pioneer Home Deferred Maintenance AL 422,949 0 0 0 422,949 Fairbanks Pioneer Home Deferred Maintenance AL 709,754 0 0 0 709,754 Juneau Pioneer Home Deferred Maintenance AL 277,140 0 0 0 277,140 Ketchikan Pioneer Home Deferred Maintenance AL 2,214,685 0 0 0 2,214,685 Pioneer Homes Emergent and Emergency Projects AL 81,060 0 0 0 81,060 Department of Health and Social Services Subtotal 8,962,900 0 550,000 113,746 9,626,646 Department of Labor and Workforce Development Heavy Equipment Shop/Diesel Shop/Pipe Welding AP 8,000,000 0 0 0 8,000,000 Relocation-Phase 2 Employment and Training Services Public Access AP 170,000 0 0 0 170,000 Network Deferred Maintenance,Renewal, Repair and AP 1,000,000 0 0 0 1,000,000 Equipment-AVTEC Department of Labor and Workforce Development 9,170,000 0 0 0 9,170,000 Subtotal Department of Military and Veterans Affairs Fairbanks Veterans Cemetery-Gold Rush Historic AP 100,000 0 0 0 100,000 Ditch Mitigation Armory Facilities Projects AP 1,637,500 0 0 2,362,500 4,000,000 Joint Base Elmendorf Richardson Facilities Projects AL 1,000,000 0 0 1,350,000 2,350,000 Fairbanks Facilities Projects AL 187,500 0 0 562,500 750,000 Statewide Facilities Projects AL 450,000 0 0 450,000 900,000 Army Guard Construction,Contingency, and Planning AP 0 0 0 10,000,000 10,000,000 State Homeland Security Grant Programs AP 0 0 0 4,500,000 4,500,000 State of Alaska Released December 12,2013 Office of Management and Budget Page 5 of 16 Governor's Capital Budget -Appropriations and Allocations (by department) (1196) FY2015 Governor Agency Project Title Unrestricted Designated Other Federal Total Funds Gen(UGF) Gen(DGF) Funds Funds Department of Military and Veterans Affairs Deferred Maintenance,Renewal,Repair and AP 4,000,000 0 0 7,903,100 11,903,100 Equipment Alcantra Armory Deferred Maintenance AL 0 0 0 430,000 430,000 Fairbanks Armory Deferred Maintenance AL 30,000 0 0 250,000 280,000 Joint Base Elmendorf Richardson Deferred AL 661,100 0 0 5,808,100 6,469,200 Maintenance Kipnuk Armory Deferred Maintenance AL 25,000 0 0 95,000 120,000 Kodiak Armory Deferred Maintenance AL 10 000 0 0 10,000, 20,000] I Kodiak Launch Complex Deferred Maintenance AL 2,405,900 0 0 0 1 2,405,900 Kotzebue Hangar Deferred Maintenance AL 605,000 0 0 0 605,000 Southeast Armories Deferred Maintenance AL 180,000 0 0 318,000 498,000 Statewide Armories Deferred Maintenance AL 70,000 0 0 80,000 150,000 Western/Rural Interior Region Deferred Maintenance AL 13,000 0 0 912,000 925,000 Department of Military and Veterans Affairs Subtotal 5,737,500 0 0 24,765,600 30,503,100 Department of Natural Resources Unified Permit Automation and Document AP 3,900,000 0 0 0 3,900,000 Management Yukon River Crossing Fault Characterization AP 630,000 0 0 0 630,000 Strategic and Critical Minerals Assessment AP 375,000 0 0 0 375,000 Office Space Renovation in New Geologic Materials AP 2,165,000 0 0 0 2,165,000 Center to Accommodate State Pipeline Coordinator's Office Lower Kenai River Park Facility and Access AP 1,000,000 0 0 0 1,000,000 Improvements-Phase 1 of 2 King Cove Road-Izembek Right-of-Way and AP 100,000 0 0 0 100,000 Permitting Forest Access Mapping, Inventory and Reforestation AP 0 900,000 0 0 900,000 Projects National Recreation Trails Federal Grant Program AP 200,000 0 0 1,500,000 1,700,000 National Historic Preservation Fund AP 150,000 0 0 650,000 800,000 Knik River Public Use Area Target Shooting Facility AP 200,000 0 0 0 200,000 Design and Construction Phase 2 Public Access and User Facilities Improvements at AP 1,400,000 0 0 0 1,400,000 the Mouth of the Kasilof River Phase 2 Seward Peninsula/Port Clarence Project Development AP 500,000 0 0 0 500,000 South Denali Visitor Center Phase 2 AP 1,235,000 0 0 0 1,235,000 State of Alaska Released December 12,2013 Office of Management and Budget Page 6 of 16 Governor's Capital Budget -Appropriations and Allocations (by department) (1196) FY2O15 Governor Agency Project Title Unrestricted Designated Other Federal Total Funds Gen(UGF) Gen(DGF) Funds Funds Department of Natural Resources Abandoned Mine Lands Reclamation Federal AP 0 0 0 3,200,000 3,200,000 Program Cooperative Water Resource Program Pass-through AP 0 0 2,500,000 0 2,500,000 to USGS for Stream Gaging Projects Snowmobile Trail Development Program and Grants AP 0 250,000 0 0 250,000 National Coastal Wetland Grant AP 0 0 0 1,000,000 1,000,000 Federal and Local Government Funded Forest AP 0 0 400,000 1,400,000 1,800,000 Resource and Fire Program Projects Deferred Maintenance,Renewal,Repair and AP 4,000,000 0 0 0 4,000,000 Equipment Parks and Outdoor Recreation Deferred AL 416,000 0 0 0 416,000 Maintenance-Chugach Region Parks and Outdoor Recreation Deferred AL 572,000 0 0 0 572,000 Maintenance-Kenai Region Parks and Outdoor Recreation Deferred AL 26,000 0 0 0 26,000 Maintenance-Kodiak Region Parks and Outdoor Recreation Deferred AL 649,700 0 0 0 649,700 Maintenance-Mat-Su Region Parks and Outdoor Recreation Deferred AL 676,300 0 0 0 676,300 Maintenance-Northern Region Parks and Outdoor Recreation Deferred AL 208,000 0 0 0 208,000 Maintenance-Southeast Region Parks and Outdoor Recreation Deferred AL 52,000 0 0 0 52,000 Maintenance-Wood Tikchik Region Deferred Maintenance Forestry Facilities AL 750,000 0 0 0 750,000 Deferred Maintenance Northern Region Facility AL 650,000 0 0 0 650,000 Department of Natural Resources Subtotal 15,855,000 1,150,000 2,900,000 7,750,000 27,655,000 Department of Public Safety Aircraft and Vessel Repair and Maintenance AP 1,000,000 0 0 0 1,000,000 Alaska State Troopers Law Enforcement Equipment AP 500,000 0 0 0 500,000 Alaska Wildlife Troopers Law Enforcement Equipment AP 500,000 0 0 0 500,000 Village Public Safety Officer Equipment AP 500,000 0 0 0 500,000 Marine Fisheries Patrol Improvements AP 0 0 0 1,200,000 1,200,000 Statewide Domestic Violence Shelter Improvements AP 1,000,000 0 1,000,000 0 2,000,000 Deferred Maintenance,Renewal,Repair and AP 1,350,000 0 0 0 1,350,000 Equipment Anchorage-Alaska Bureau of Investigation AL 100,000 0 0 0 100,000 Headquarters Roof Repair State of Alaska Released December 12,2013 Office of Management and Budget Page 7 of 16 Governor's Capital Budget -Appropriations and Allocations (by department) (1196) FY2015 Governor Agency Project Title Unrestricted Designated Other Federal Total Funds Gen(UGF) Gen(DGF) Funds Funds Department of Public Safety Bethel-Trooper Office Improvements and Hangar AL 500,000 0 0 0 500,000 Energy Repairs Soldotna-Trooper Post Facility Repairs AL 150,000 0 0 0 150,000 Fairbanks-Facility and Energy Repairs AL 400,000 0 0 0 400,000 Statewide Facility Security Renovations and AL 200,000 0 0 0 200,000 Electrical Upgrades Department of Public Safety Subtotal 4,850,000 0 1,000,000 1,200,000 7,050,000 Department of Revenue Child Support Services Computer Replacement AP 81,634 0 0 158,466 240,100 Project Phase 5 Permanent Fund Dividend Division Computer AP 0 130,000 0 0 130,000 Replacement Project-Phase 3 AHFC Domestic Violence Rental Assistance Program AP 2,000,000 0 0 0 2,000,000 AHFC Competitive Grants for Public Housing AP 350,000 0 0 750,000 1,100,000 AHFC Energy Efficiency Monitoring Research AP 750,000 0 0 0 750,000 AHFC Federal and Other Competitive Grants AP 1,500,000 0 0 3,000,000 4,500,000 AHFC Housing and Urban Development Capital Fund AP 0 0 0 3,200,000 3,200,000 Program AHFC Housing and Urban Development Federal AP 750,000 0 0 3,750,000 4,500,000 HOME Grant AHFC Senior Citizens Housing Development Program AP 4,500,000 0 0 0 4,500,000 AHFC Supplemental Housing Development Program AP 7,000,000 0 0 0 7,000,000 AHFC Housing Loan Program AP 6,000,000 0 0 0 6,000,000 AHFC Teacher, Health and Public Safety AL 5,000,000 0 0 0 5,000,000 Professionals Housing AHFC Village Public Safety Officers Housing AL 1,000,000 0 0 0 1,000,000 AHFC Energy Programs AP 45,000,000 0 0 1,500,000 46,500,000 AHFC Weatherization Program AL 27,500,000 0 0 1,500,000 29,000,000 AHFC Home Energy Rebate Program AL 17,500,000 0 0 0 17,500,000 MH:AHFC Homeless Assistance Program AP 7,150.000 0 850,000 0 8,000,000 MH:AHFC Beneficiary and Special Needs Housing AP 1,750,000 0 0 0 1,750,000 Department of Revenue Subtotal 76,831,634 130,000 850,000 12,358,466 90,170,100 Department of Transportation/Public Facilities Economic Development AP 24,000,000 0 0 88,050,000 112,050,000 State of Alaska Released December 12,2013 Office of Management and Budget Page 8 of 16 • Governor's Capital Budget -Appropriations and Allocations (by department) (1196) FY2015 Governor Agency Project Title Unrestricted Designated Other Federal Total Funds Gen(UGF) Gen(DGF) Funds Funds Department of Transportation/Public Facilities Dalton Corridor Surface Repairs AL 5,000,000 0 0 0 5,000,000 Deadhorse Airport Rescue and Fire Fighting/Snow AL 2,000,000 0 0 8,050,000 10,050,000 Removal Equipment Building Expansion Juneau Access AL 5,000,000 0 0 30,000,000 35,000,000 Knik Arm Bridge and Toll Authority(KABATA) AL 5,000,000 0 0 50,000,000 55,000,000 Project Development Manley Hot Springs to Tanana Road AL 6,000,000 0 0 0 6,000,000 Project Acceleration Account AL 1,000,000 0 0 0 1,000,000 Safety AP 2,300,000 0 750,000 0 3,050,000 Big Lake Road Pedestrian Improvements Study AL 250,000 0 0 0 250,000 Capital Improvement Program Training AL 0 0 750,000 0 750,000 Central Region Rural Airport Sanitation Facilities AL 500,000 0 0 0 500,000 Statewide Anti-icing Program Equipment AL 800,000 0 0 0 800,000 Statewide Rural Airport Safety Improvements AL 750,000 0 0 0 750,000 Asset Management AP 11,000,000 0 20,000,000 0 31,000,000 Alaska Marine Highway System-Vessel and AL 6,000,000 0 0 0 6,000,000 Terminal Overhaul and Rehabilitation Capital Improvement Program Equipment AL 0 0 5,000,000 0 5,000,000 Replacement Central Region Flood Plain General Aviation Airport AL 500,000 0 0 0 500,000 Protection/Repair-Design Emergency and Non-Routine Repairs AL 500,000 0 0 0 500,000 State Equipment Fleet Replacement AL 0 0 15,000,000 0 15,000,000 Environmental Protection Agency Class V Injection AL 1,500,000 0 0 0 1.500.000 Well Compliance/Remediation Project Statewide-Off-System Bridge AL 2,500,000 0 0 0 2,500,000 Rehabilitation/Replacement for State and Local Bridges Municipal Harbor Facility Grant Fund(AS 29.60.800) AP 4.700,000 0 0 0 4,700,000 City and Borough of Sitka-Thompson SBH AL 2,700,000 0 0 0 2.700,000 Transient Float City of Whittier-Whittier Harbor AL 2,000,000 0 0 0 2,000,000 Statewide Federal Programs AP 53,900,000 0 12,000,000 79,500,000 145 400,000 Alaska Mobility Coalition-Public and Community AL 1,000,000 0 0 0 1,000,000 Transportation State Match Cooperative Reimbursable Projects AL 0 0 12,000,000 5,000,000 17,000,000 Federal Contingency Projects AL 0 0 0 25,000,000 25,000,000 Federal Emergency Projects AL 0 0 0 10,000,000 10,000,000 State of Alaska Released December 12.2013 Office of Management and Budget Page 9 of 16 Governor's Capital Budget -Appropriations and Allocations (by department) (1196) FY2015 Governor Agency Project Title Unrestricted Designated Other Federal Total Funds Gen(UGF) Gen(DGF) Funds Funds Department of Transportation/Public Facilities Federal Transit Administration Grants AL 0 0 0 10,000,000 10,000,000 Federal-Aid Aviation State Match AL 11,700,000 0 0 0 11,700,000 Federal-Aid Highway State Match AL 40,000,000 0 0 0 40,000,000 Highway Safety Grants Program AL 0 0 0 8,000,000 8,000,000 Other Federal Program Match AL 1,200,000 0 0 0 1,200,000 Statewide Safety Program AL 0 0 0 21,500,000 21,500,000 Airport Improvement Program AP 0 0 38,594,459 170,981,980 209,576 439 Alaska International Airport System-Contingency AL 0 0 1,000,000 4.000,000 5,000,000 Funds Ambler-Airport Improvements AL 0 0 0 4,850,000 4,850,000 Aniak-Airport Improvements AL 0 0 0 1,800,000 1,800,000 Barrow-Airport Runway Repair AL 0 0 0 4,000,000 4,000,000 Barrow-Chemical Storage Building AL 0 0 0 2,000,000 2,000,000 Cold Bay-Approach Lighting System Replacement AL 0 0 0 382,000 382,000 Cold Bay-Crosswind Runway Reconfiguration AL 0 0 0 3,800,000 3,800,000 Fairbanks International Airport-Advanced Project AL 0 0 25,750 0 25,750 Design and Planning Fairbanks International Airport-Annual AL 0 0 283,250 0 283,250 Improvements Fairbanks International Airport-Environmental AL 0 0 128,750 0 128,750 Assessment and Cleanup Fairbanks International Airport-Equipment Projects AL 0 0 325,750 1,053,750 1,379,500 Fairbanks International Airport-Facility AL 0 0 103,000 0 103,000 Improvements, Renovations and Upgrades Fairbanks International Airport-Information AL 0 0 30,900 0 30,900 Technology Improvements Fairbanks International Airport-Security Upgrades AL 0 0 250,000 3,750,000 4,000,000 Gulkana-Apron and Taxiway Pavement AL 0 0 0 320,000 320,000 Rehabilitation Hooper Bay-Airport Improvements and Snow AL 0 0 0 8,562,500 8,562,500 Removal Equipment Building Kiana-Airport Improvements and Snow Removal AL 0 0 0 6,325,000 6,325,000 Equipment Building(SREB) King Salmon-Airport Improvements AL 0 0 0 4.253,500 4,253,500 Kodiak-Airport Improvements AL 0 0 0 10,625,000 10,625,0001 Kotzebue-Apron Expansion AL 0 0 0 300,000 300,000 Kotzebue-Airport Runway Safety Area Improvement AL 0 0 0 3,900,000 3,900,000 State of Alaska Released December 12,2013 Office of Management and Budget Page 10 of 16 Governor's Capital Budget -Appropriations and Allocations (by department) (1196) FY2015 Governor Agency Project Title Unrestricted Designated Other Federal Total Funds Gen(UGF) Gen(DGF) Funds Funds Department of Transportation/Public Facilities Kwigillingok-Airport improvements 8 Snow AL 0 0 0 18,000,000 18,000,000 Removal Equipment Building Petersburg Airport-Apron and Taxiway AL 0 0 0 3,000,000 3,000,000 Rehabilitation Pilot Station-Airport Relocation AL 0 0 0 4,300.000 4,300,000 St.Michael-Snow Removal Equipment Building AL 0 0 0 825.000 825,000 Upgrade Seward-Airport Improvements AL 0 0 0 17,000,000 17,000,000 Shishmaref-Airport Resurfacing AL 0 0 0 560,000 560,000 Statewide-Aviation Preconstruction AL 0 0 0 10,000,000 10,000,000 Statewide-Aviation Systems Plan Update AL 0 0 0 2,000,000 2,000,000 Statewide-Various Airports Aeronautical Surveys AL 0 0 0 5,000,000 5,000,000 Statewide-Various Airports Minor Surface AL 0 0 0 1,000,000 1,000,000 Improvements Statewide-Various Airports Snow Removal,ADA AL 0 0 0 3,000,000 3,000,000 and Safety Equipment Statewide-Various Airports Wildlife Hazard AL 0 0 0 500,000 500,000 Assessments and Plans Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport- AL 0 0 587,100 0 587,100 Advanced Project Design and Planning Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport- AL 0 0 1,635,125 24,526,875 26,162,000 Airfield Pavement Reconstruction and Maintenance Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport- AL 0 0 741,600 0 741,600 Annual Improvements Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport- AL 0 0 400,000 0 400,000 Concourse C Flooring Renewal Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport- AL 0 0 103,000 0 103,000 Environmental Projects Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport- AL 0 0 1,152,934 3,585,066 4,738,000 Equipment Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport- AL 0 0 1,133,000 0 1,133,000 Facility Improvements, Renovations and Upgrades Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport- AL 0 0 988,800 0 988,800 Information Technology Improvements Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport-Kulis AL 0 0 2,559,000 0 2,559,000 Repairs and Modifications Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport-Lake AL 0 0 571,875 3,643,914 4,215,789 Hood Annual Improvements Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport-Lake AL 0 0 40,625 609,375 650,000 Hood Master Plan Update Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport- AL 0 0 1,300,000 0 1,300,000 Parking Garage Spall Repairs and Roof Membrane State of Alaska Released December 12,2013 Office of Management and Budget Page 11 of 16 Governor's Capital Budget -Appropriations and Allocations (by department) (1196) FY2O15 Governor Agency Project Title Unrestricted Designated Other Federal Total Funds Gen(UGF) Gen(DGF) Funds Funds Department of Transportation/Public Facilities Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport- AL 0 0 9,050,000 0 9,050,000 Runway 7R Concrete SpaII Repairs Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport-South AL 0 0 34,000 510,000 544,000 Terminal Boiler Plume Mitigation Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport- AL 0 0 700,000 0 700,000 Structure Fire Training Facility Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport- AL 0 0 12,400.000 3,000,000 15.400.000 Taxiways Y and K Safety Area Widening Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport-Warm AL 0 0 3,050,000 0 3,050,000 Storage/Warehouse/Equipment Shop Heating Rehabilitation Yakutat-Airport Runway,Taxiway and Apron AL 0 0 0 10,000,000 10,000,000 Rehabilitation Surface Transportation Program AP 0 0 400,000 647.850.000 648,250,000 3rd Generation 511 Phone and Web Enhancements AL 0 0 0 750,000 750,000 Alaska Marine Highway System-Construct/Lease/ AL 0 0 0 3,500,000 3,500,000 Purchase Ferryboats and Terminals Alaska Marine Highway System-Ferry Vessel AL 0 0 0 15,000,000 15,000,000 Refurbishment Alaska Marine Highway System-Intelligent AL 0 0 0 200,000 200,000 Transportation Systems Implementation Plan Anchorage-5th and 6th Avenue Repaving AL 0 0 0 5,000,000 5,000,000 Anchorage-Principal Arterial Pavement Resurfacing AL 0 0 0 15,000,000 15,000,000 and ADA Compliance Anchorage Metropolitan Area Transportation AL 0 0 0 4,300,000 4,300,000 Solutions(AMATS)-Pavement Replacement Program Anchorage Metropolitan Area Transportation AL 0 0 0 1,000,000 1,000,000 Solutions(AMATS)-Bicycle and Pedestrian Facilities/Trails Projects Anchorage Metropolitan Area Transportation AL 0 0 0 750,000 750,000 Solutions(AMATS)-Ridesharing and Transit Marketing Anchorage Metropolitan Area Transportation AL 0 0 0 300,000 300,000 Solutions(AMATS)-Air Quality Public and Business Awareness Education Campaign Anchorage Metropolitan Area Transportation AL 0 0 0 700,000 700,000 Solutions(AMATS)-Traffic Control Signalization Angoon-Ferry Terminal Building AL 0 0 0 1,800,000 1,800,000 Anton Anderson Memorial(Whittier)Tunnel- AL 0 0 0 2,700,000 2,700,000 Drainage Improvements Anton Anderson Memorial(Whittier)Tunnel-Precast AL 0 0 0 1,450,000 1,450.000 Concrete Panel Invert Preservation State of Alaska Released December 12,2013 Office of Management and Budget Page 12 of 16 • Governor's Capital Budget -Appropriations and Allocations (by department) (1196) FY2015 Governor Agency Project Title Unrestricted Designated Other Federal Total Funds Gen(UGF) Gen(DGF) Funds Funds Department of Transportation/Public Facilities Anton Anderson Memorial(Whittier)Tunnel- AL 0 0 0 1,800,000 1,800,000 Back-up Generation for Normal Operations Barrow-Access Roads for the Barrow Arctic AL 0 0 0 7,300,000 7,300,000 Research Center Central Region-Intelligent Transportation System AL 0 0 0 1,500,000 1,500,000 (ITS)Signal Control Upgrades Dalton Highway-Milepost 362 to 414 Reconstruction AL 0 0 0 35,500,000 35,500,000 Denali Highway-Milepost 111 Seattle Creek Bridge AL 0 0 0 3,500,000 3,500,000 Edgerton Highway-Lakina River Bridge AL 0 0 0 6,500,000 6,500,000 Replacement Elliott Highway-Milepost 107.7 to 120.5 AL 0 0 0 12,500,000 12.500,000 Rehabilitation Enterprise Linear Referencing System AL 0 0 0 1,000,000 1,000,000 Implementation Fairbanks Metropolitan Area Transportation System AL 0 0 0 4,700,000 4,700,000 (FMATS)-Gold Hill Road Bicycle and Pedestrian Facility Fairbanks Metropolitan Area Transportation System AL 0 0 0 1,250,000 1,250,000 (FMATS)-Improvement Program Fairbanks Metropolitan Area Transportation System AL 0 0 0 700,000 700,000 (FMATS)-Steese Expressway to Front Street Bicycle/Pedestrian Path Geotechnical Asset Management Program AL 0 0 0 1,000,000 1,000,000 Glenn Highway-Milepost 49 Realignment AL 0 0 0 3,550,000 3,550,000 Glenn Highway-Milepost 66.5 to 92 Rehabilitation AL 0 0 0 1,000,000 1,000.000 Haines-Ferry Terminal Alaska Class Modifications AL 0 0 0 20,000,000 20,000,000 Hatcher Pass Road Resurfacing-Milepost 18-20 AL 0 0 0 2,000,000 2,000,000 Kake-Ferry Terminal Improvements AL 0 0 0 3,000,000 3,000,000 Homer-Ferry Terminal Improvements AL 0 0 0 1,500,000 1,500,000 Juneau-Egan Drive Pavement Rehabilitation from AL 0 0 0 17,500,000 17,500,000 10th Street to Mendenhall Loop Road Juneau-Egan Drive-Salmon Creek Intersection AL 0 0 0 6,550,000 6,550,000 Safety Improvements Juneau-Glacier Highway Reconstruction-Lena to AL 0 0 0 3,500,000 3,500,000 Tee Harbor Juneau-Glacier Highway Separated Multi-Use Path AL 0 0 0 1,500,000 1,500,000 to University of Alaska Southeast Ketchikan-Deermount Street to Saxman Widening AL 0 0 0 1,000,000 1,000,000 Ketchikan-South Tongass Highway Paving- AL 0 0 0 7,500,000 7,500,000 Herring Cove to End of Road Material Site Management Program AL 0 0 0 1,000,000 1,000,000 State of Alaska Released December 12,2013 Office of Management and Budget Page 13 of 16 Governor's Capital Budget -Appropriations and Allocations (by department) (1196) FY2O15 Governor Unrestricted Designated Other Federal Total Funds Agency Project Title Gen(UGF) Gen(DGF) Funds Funds Department of Transportation/Public Facilities National Highway System and Non-National Highway AL 0 0 0 85,000,000 85,000,000 System Pavement and Bridge Refurbishment Parks Highway-Milepost 43.5 to 52.3 AL 0 0 0 50,000,000 50,000,000 Reconstruction-Lucas Road to Big Lake Cutoff Parks Highway-Milepost 90-146 Resurfacing AL 0 0 0 50,000,000 50,000,000 Parks Highway-Milepost 183-188 Reconstruction AL 0 0 0 1,500,000 1,500,000 Petersville Road Rehabilitation-Milepost 0.0-18.6 AL 0 0 0 8,000,000 8,000,000 Prince of Wales Island-Resurface Hydaburg Road AL 0 0 0 10,000,000 10,000,000 Richardson Highway-Banner Creek Bridge AL 0 0 0 9,300,000 9,300,000 Replacement Richardson Highway-Milepost 2-3 Valdez Container AL 0 0 0 3,700,000 3,700,000 Terminal Turn Lanes Richardson Highway-Milepost 356-362 AL 0 0 0 2,300,000 2,300,000 Bicycle/Pedestrian Path Seward Highway-Milepost 75-90 Bridge AL 0 0 0 29,000,000 29,000,000 Replacements Skagway-Replace Captain William Henry Moore AL 0 0 0 13,400,000 13,400,000 Bridge Soldotna-Kalifornsky Beach Road:Milepost 16 to ALI 0 0 0 6,000,000 6,000,000 22.2-Paving Rehabilitation and Signalization Statewide-Air Quality Public Education AL 0 0 0 600,000 600,000 Statewide-Federal Lands Access Projects AL 0 0 0 2,500,000 2,500,000 Statewide-Highway Fuel Tax Enforcement AL 0 0 0 100,000 100,000 Statewide-Highway Safety Improvement Program AL 0 0 0 60,000,000 60,000,000 (H SIP) Statewide-National Highway Institute and Transit AL 0 0 400,000 350,000 750,000 Institute Training Statewide-Planning Work Program AL 0 0 0 8,000,000 8,000,000 Statewide-Research Program AL 0 0 0 1,300,000 1,300,000 Statewide-Unstable Slope Management AL 0 0 0 1,600,000 1,600,000 Statewide-Urban Planning Program AL 0 0 0 2,000,000 2,000,000 Surface Transportation Preconstruction AL 0 0 0 65,000,000 65,000,000 Tok Cutoff-Tok River Bridge Replacement AL 0 0 0 1,200,000 1,200,000 Tok Cutoff-Tulsona Creek Bridge Replacement AL 0 0 0 10,000,000 10,000,000 Transportation Asset Management Program AL 0 0 0 5,000,000 5,000,000 Wasilla-Fishhook Road/Main Street AL 0 0 0 5,700,000 5,700,000 Wasilla-Lucus Road Improvements AL 0 0 0 11,000,000 11,000,000 Whittier Tunnel-Maintenance and Operations AL 0 0 0 2,500,000 2,500,000 State of Alaska Released December 12,2013 Office of Management and Budget Page 14 of 16 Governor's Capital Budget -Appropriations and Allocations (by department) (1196) FY2015 Governor Agency Project Title Unrestricted Designated Other Federal Total Funds Gen(UGF) Gen(DGF) Funds Funds Department of Transportation/Public Facilities Williamsport to Pile Bay Road AL 0 0 0 3,500,000 3,500,000 Deferred Maintenance,Renewal, Repair and AP 27,100,000 0 0 0 27,100,000 Equipment Alaska Marine Highway System Deferred AL 3,000,000 0 0 0 3,000,000 Maintenance Aviation Deferred Maintenance AL 3,500,000 0 0 0 3.500,000 Harbors-Deferred Maintenance AL 600,000 0 0 0 600,000 Highways Deferred Maintenance AL 16,900,000 0 0 0 16,900,000 Statewide Facilities Deferred Maintenance AL 3,100,000 0 0 0 3,100,000 MH Coordinated Transportation and Vehicles AP 800.000 0 250,000 0 1,050,000 Department of Transportation/Public Facilities 123,800,000 0 71,994,459 986,381,980 1,182,176,439 Subtotal University of Alaska UAA Engineering Building AP 5,000,000 5,000,000 0 0 10,000,000 UAF Engineering Building AP 5,000,000 5,000,000 0 0 10,000,000 University Receipt Authority for Capital Projects AP 0 20,000,000 0 0 20,000.000 Deferred Maintenance,Renewal, Repair and AP 37,500,000 0 0 0 37,500,000 Equipment University of Alaska Subtotal 47,500,000 30,000,000 0 0 77,500,000 Alaska Court System Electronic Filing/Records Management System AP 4,400,000 0 0 0 4,400,000 Deferred Maintenance,Renewal, Repair and AP 2,500,000 0 0 0 2,500,000 Equipment Anchorage-Boney Courthouse Deferred AL 692,900 0 0 0 692,900 Maintenance Palmer-Courthouse Deferred Maintenance AL 839,500 0 0 0 839,500 Sitka-Court and Office Building Deferred AL 100,000 0 0 0 100,000 Maintenance Kotzebue-Armory Deferred Maintenance AL 115,000 0 0 0 115,000 Juneau-Dimond Courthouse Deferred Maintenance AL 592,300 0 0 0 592,300 State of Alaska Released December 12,2013 Office of Management and Budget Page 15 of 16 Governor's Capital Budget -Appropriations and Allocations (by department) (1196) FY2015 Governor Agency Project Title Unrestricted Designated Other Federal Total Funds Gen(UGF) Gen(DGF) Funds Funds Alaska Court System Kodiak-Court and Office Building Deferred AL 160,300 0 0 0 160,300 Maintenance Alaska Court System Subtotal 6,900,000 0 0 0 6,900,000 TOTAL STATE AGENCIES 426,290,237 106,046,900 84,083,959 1,091,839,792 1,708,260,888 TOTAL STATEWIDE 426,290,237 106,046,900 84,083,959 1,091,839,792 1,708,260,888 State of Alaska Released December 12,2013 Office of Management and Budget Page 16 of 16 KODIAK ISLAND BOROUGH WORK SESSION Work Session of: npro,14,,- /:21 20/3 Please PRINT your name Please PRINT your name (\.<1 \\\.„ 5c- o/172- Ar,1171— -- A N- ' V \N)